Gázquez Antonio, Sánchez-Campillo María, Barranco Alejandro, Rueda Ricardo, Chan Jia P, Kuchan Matthew J, Larqué Elvira
Department of Animal Physiology, School of Biology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
Front Nutr. 2022 Apr 12;9:871632. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.871632. eCollection 2022.
The fetus depends on the transplacental transfer of vitamin D. Calcifediol (25-OH-D3) is the vitamin D metabolite that crosses the placenta. Previously, oral 25-OH-D3 improved serum 25-OH-D3 compared to vitamin D3 in non-pregnant subjects, although no studies are available in pregnant women. We evaluated the availability of oral 25-OH-D3 compared to vitamin D3 during pregnancy, as well as, their levels in the fetus and effect on metabolism-related proteins. Twenty female rats per group were fed with 25 μg/kg of diet of vitamin D3 (1,000 UI vitamin D/kg diet) or with 25 μg/kg diet of 25-OH-D3. We analyzed 25-OH-D3 levels in maternal and fetal plasma; protein levels of vitamin D receptor (VDR), fatty acid translocase (FAT), and scavenger-receptor class B type-1 (SR-B1) in both maternal liver and placenta; and protein levels of VDR and Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) in fetal brain. 25-OH-D3 doubled the concentration of 25-OH-D3 in both maternal and fetal plasma compared to vitamin D3. In addition, maternal liver VDR, FAT, and SR-BI increased significantly in the 25-OH-D3 group, but no changes were found in the placenta. Interestingly, 25-OH-D3 decreased GAD67 expression in the fetal brain and it also tended to decrease VDR ( = 0.086). In conclusion, 25-OH-D3 provided better vitamin D availability for both mother and fetus when administered during pregnancy compared to vitamin D3. No adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes were observed. The effects of 25-OH-D3 on the expression of VDR and GAD67 in fetal brain require further investigation.
胎儿依赖维生素D的胎盘转运。骨化二醇（25-羟基-D3）是穿过胎盘的维生素D代谢产物。此前，在非妊娠受试者中，口服25-羟基-D3比维生素D3能提高血清25-羟基-D3水平，不过尚无针对孕妇的研究。我们评估了孕期口服25-羟基-D3与维生素D3相比的可用性，以及它们在胎儿体内的水平及其对代谢相关蛋白的影响。每组20只雌性大鼠，分别给予含25μg/kg维生素D3（1000IU维生素D/kg饲料）的饲料或含25μg/kg 25-羟基-D3的饲料。我们分析了母鼠和胎鼠血浆中的25-羟基-D3水平；母鼠肝脏和胎盘内维生素D受体（VDR）、脂肪酸转运蛋白（FAT）和B1型清道夫受体（SR-B1）的蛋白水平；以及胎鼠大脑中VDR和谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD67）的蛋白水平。与维生素D3相比，25-羟基-D3使母鼠和胎鼠血浆中25-羟基-D3的浓度增加了一倍。此外，25-羟基-D3组母鼠肝脏中的VDR、FAT和SR-BI显著增加，但胎盘内未发现变化。有趣的是，25-羟基-D3降低了胎鼠大脑中GAD67的表达，并且也有降低VDR的趋势（P = 0.086）。总之，孕期给予25-羟基-D3时，与维生素D3相比，其为母鼠和胎鼠提供了更好的维生素D可用性。未观察到对妊娠结局的不良影响。25-羟基-D3对胎鼠大脑中VDR和GAD67表达的影响需要进一步研究。
