Turguła Anna, Stęsik Konrad, Materna Katarzyna, Klejdysz Tomasz, Praczyk Tadeusz, Pernak Juliusz
Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology ul. Berdychowo 4 Poznan 60-965 Poland
Institute of Plant Protection - National Research Institute ul. Władysława Węgorka 20 Poznan 60-318 Poland.
RSC Adv. 2020 Feb 27;10(15):8653-8663. doi: 10.1039/d0ra00766h.
Ionic liquids that belong to the third-generation designs due to their intended biological activity are compounds with high potential applications as plant-protection products. The present study describes the synthesis and characterization of novel ionic liquids with cations based on the alkyl derivatives of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) and an anion derived from naturally occurring pelargonic acid. The developed synthesis method allowed obtaining products with a high yield (≥96%), and the liquids were characterized as high-viscosity liquids at room temperature. This allowed classifying the products as ionic liquids (ILs). The structures of the obtained ILs were confirmed on the basis of their NMR and IR spectra as well as by elemental analysis. All the products exhibited surface activity and were capable of partially wetting a hydrophobic surface. The tested ionic liquids exhibited higher herbicidal activity against winter oilseed rape ( L.) and common lambsquarters ( L.) at a lower dose compared to a commercial preparation in greenhouse studies. The studied ionic liquids also exhibited different effects as antifeedants on various insect species. The best results were obtained against beetles belonging to the granary weevil species ( L.). The relation between the surface-tension-reduction efficiency pC and biological activity was investigated. The herbicidal activity was also correlated with the value of the contact angles for the studied pelargonates. All the obtained results indicate that the designed and synthesized ionic liquids possess double biological functions: herbicidal activity and deterrent activity.
由于其预期的生物活性而属于第三代设计的离子液体是具有作为植物保护产品的高潜在应用价值的化合物。本研究描述了新型离子液体的合成与表征，这些离子液体的阳离子基于1,4 - 二氮杂双环[2.2.2]辛烷（DABCO）的烷基衍生物，阴离子衍生自天然存在的壬酸。所开发的合成方法能够以高收率（≥96%）获得产物，并且这些液体在室温下被表征为高粘度液体。这使得这些产物能够被归类为离子液体（ILs）。所获得的离子液体的结构通过其核磁共振和红外光谱以及元素分析得到证实。所有产物均表现出表面活性，并且能够部分润湿疏水表面。在温室研究中，与市售制剂相比，所测试的离子液体在较低剂量下对冬油菜（L.）和藜（L.）表现出更高的除草活性。所研究的离子液体作为拒食剂对各种昆虫物种也表现出不同的效果。对谷象属甲虫（L.）取得了最佳结果。研究了表面张力降低效率pC与生物活性之间的关系。除草活性还与所研究的壬酸盐的接触角值相关。所有获得的结果表明，所设计和合成的离子液体具有双重生物功能：除草活性和驱避活性。
