Lundeen G W
J Foot Surg. 1987 Jan-Feb;26(1):3-7.
Ankle arthroscopy is a relatively recent specialty. This is because technology lacked the expertise to develop instrumentation small enough to be used effectively within a restricted joint space. This caused primary attention to be focused upon the larger knee joint, but both the knee and ankle had their common arthroscopic origin. This includes simple specula and crude cystoscopes and endoscopes. The lighting ranged from mere reflected sunlight, to wax candles, to crude burning filaments, to simple gas and electric lamps. Early workers included prism and lens grinders, optical physicists, and a host of other scientific specialists. This presentation includes many of the important pioneers and their contributions, as well as a chronicle of arthroscopy's most primitive roots and its transcendency into an accurate surgical instrument.
踝关节镜检查是一门相对较新的专业。这是因为技术上缺乏开发足够小的器械以在受限的关节空间内有效使用的专业知识。这使得最初的注意力集中在较大的膝关节上，但膝关节和踝关节有着共同的关节镜检查起源。这包括简单的窥镜、粗糙的膀胱镜和内窥镜。照明方式从仅仅反射的阳光，到蜡烛，再到粗糙的燃烧灯丝，直至简单的气体和电灯。早期的从业者包括棱镜和镜片研磨师、光学物理学家以及许多其他科学专家。本介绍包括许多重要的先驱者及其贡献，以及关节镜检查最原始根源的编年史及其向精确手术器械的转变。
