State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technologygrid.218292.2, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Digital Medical Research Center, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technologygrid.218292.2, Kunming, China.
Microbiol Spectr. 2022 Jun 29;10(3):e0034322. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.00343-22. Epub 2022 May 2.
The strategy of adjusting the composition of gastrointestinal microbiota has shown great promise for the treatment of diseases. Currently, the relationship between gut microbes and human diseases is mainly presented by the fecal microbiota from the colon. Due to the limits of sampling, the healthy baseline of biogeographic microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract remains blurry. Captive nonhuman primates (NHPs) present a "humanized" intestinal microbiome and may make up for the lack of atlas data for better understanding of the gut microbial composition and diseases. Therefore, the intestinal microbiota of 6 GIT regions of healthy rhesus monkeys were analyzed in this study; our results showed that gradually decreased from the small intestine to the large intestine but gradually increased from the small intestine to the large intestine. Streptococcus and can be used as markers to distinguish the small intestine from the large intestine. is the most enriched in the middle site of the connection between the large intestine and the small intestine. are enriched in the small intestine, especially the duodenum and jejunum, and are absent in the large intestine. The lumenal microbiota of the small intestine is more susceptible to individual differences than is that of the large intestine. Metabolism and oxygen affect the distribution of the microbes, and the diversity of microbiota is the highest in the colon. Our results provide accurate comprehensive GIT microbiota data on nonhuman primates and will be beneficial for the better understanding of the composition of microbiota in the human gastrointestinal tract. For the study of upper gastrointestinal microbiota in humans, endoscopic sampling is the main source of information, which limits the understanding of healthy upper gastrointestinal microbiota. Rhesus monkeys show very close similarity to humans in physiology, genetics, and behavior and act as the most suitable animal models for human diseases. The present research made up for the lack of atlas data due to the ethical limitations of sampling in humans and provided baseline data on microbiota in 6 GIT regions of healthy NHPs. These important references will be beneficial for the better understanding of the regional organization and functions of gut microbial communities along the GIT and their relevance to conditions of health and disease.
肠道微生物群组成的调节策略在疾病治疗方面显示出巨大的前景。目前，肠道微生物群与人类疾病的关系主要通过结肠的粪便微生物群来呈现。由于采样的限制，人类胃肠道中生物地理微生物群的健康基线仍然模糊不清。圈养的非人类灵长类动物（NHP）呈现出“人类化”的肠道微生物组，可能弥补图谱数据的缺乏，从而更好地了解肠道微生物组成与疾病的关系。因此，本研究分析了健康恒河猴 6 个 GIT 部位的肠道微生物群；结果表明，从小肠到大肠逐渐减少，但从小肠到大肠逐渐增加。链球菌和可以作为区分小肠和大肠的标志物。在大肠和小肠的连接处中间部位最丰富。在小肠中富集，特别是在十二指肠和空肠中，而在大肠中不存在。小肠的腔微生物群比大肠的更易受个体差异的影响。代谢和氧气影响微生物的分布，而微生物的多样性在结肠中最高。本研究为非人类灵长类动物提供了准确全面的 GIT 微生物群数据，将有助于更好地了解人类胃肠道的微生物群组成。对于人类上胃肠道微生物群的研究，内镜采样是主要的信息来源，这限制了对健康上胃肠道微生物群的了解。恒河猴在生理、遗传和行为上与人类非常相似，是人类疾病最适宜的动物模型。本研究由于采样的伦理限制弥补了人类图谱数据的缺乏，为健康 NHPs 的 6 个 GIT 部位的微生物群提供了基线数据。这些重要的参考资料将有助于更好地了解胃肠道中肠道微生物群落的区域组织和功能及其与健康和疾病状况的相关性。
