急性冲刺间歇训练后 VO₂动力学的短暂加速：在老年人和年轻人中，相同的运动剂量但结果不同。
Transient speeding of V̇O kinetics following acute sessions of sprint interval training: Similar exercise dose but different outcomes in older and young adults.
机构信息
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive, NW, Calgary T2N1N4, Canada.
Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 6, Tübingen 72076, Germany.
出版信息
Exp Gerontol. 2022 Jul;164:111826. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111826. Epub 2022 Apr 30.
An acute session of sprint interval training (SIT) is a potent stimulus for the metabolic and cardiovascular systems. However, the feasibility of SIT in older adults and its effectiveness to acutely improve aerobic function by transiently accelerating the rate of adjustment of oxidative phosphorylation quantified by V̇O kinetics (τV̇O) are unknown. This study evaluated the time course of changes of τV̇O in response to different doses of SIT in older inactive adults compared to their young counterparts. Eight older (age: 67 ± 3 years) and eight young (age: 30 ± 3 years) adults completed three separate SIT sessions consisting of either one (SIT), three (SIT), or five (SIT) consecutive bouts of SIT. Each SIT intervention was interspersed by a two-week recovery phase. The bike resistance during the sprints was set at 0.065 kg·kg body mass for older and 0.075 kg·kg body mass for young adults. Moderate-intensity step-transitions were performed to assess τV̇O before (PRE) and one (1d), two (2d) and three (3d) days post each SIT intervention. Older adults attained lower peak power outputs, average power output, and blood lactate concentrations across all sprints of each SIT intervention compared to young (P < 0.01). Following SIT, τV̇O was faster at 1d (-13.6%; P = 0.008) and 2d (-12.7%; P = 0.017) and returned to values similar to PRE at 3d (+0.4%; P > 0.05) in both older and young. Following SIT, τV̇O was faster at 1d (-20.6%; P < 0.001), 2d (-18.5%; P = 0.011), and 3d (-14.5%; P = 0.045) compared to PRE in both older and young. Following SIT, τV̇O became faster in older (at 1d, 2d, and 3d; ~25%; P < 0.05) but remained unchanged in young with respect to PRE (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that SIT has the potency to acutely improve aerobic function by speeding the rate of adjustment of oxidative phosphorylation. However, only older adults were able to maintain these beneficial effects when the volume of SIT was maximized (SIT). Future studies are warranted to evaluate the long-term feasibility of SIT in older adults.
急性冲刺间歇训练（SIT）是代谢和心血管系统的有力刺激物。然而，SIT 在老年人中的可行性，以及通过短暂加速氧化磷酸化调整率来急性提高有氧功能的效果（通过 V̇O 动力学测量的 τV̇O）尚不清楚。本研究评估了不同剂量 SIT 对老年人和年轻人的 τV̇O 响应的时间过程。8 名老年人（年龄：67 ± 3 岁）和 8 名年轻人（年龄：30 ± 3 岁）完成了三个单独的 SIT 疗程，分别为一次（SIT）、三次（SIT）或五次（SIT）连续 SIT 冲刺。每个 SIT 干预都穿插两周的恢复期。老年人的自行车冲刺阻力设定为 0.065kg·kg 体重，年轻人为 0.075kg·kg 体重。在每次 SIT 干预前后（PRE）和第 1 天（1d）、第 2 天（2d）和第 3 天（3d）进行中度强度的台阶过渡，以评估 τV̇O。与年轻人相比，老年人在每次 SIT 冲刺中达到的峰值功率输出、平均功率输出和血乳酸浓度均较低（P<0.01）。SIT 后，τV̇O 在 1d 时更快（-13.6%；P=0.008），在 2d 时更快（-12.7%；P=0.017），并在 3d 时恢复到与 PRE 相似的值（+0.4%；P>0.05）在老年人和年轻人中均如此。SIT 后，与 PRE 相比，老年人和年轻人在 1d（-20.6%；P<0.001）、2d（-18.5%；P=0.011）和 3d（-14.5%；P=0.045）时 τV̇O 更快。SIT 后，老年人的 τV̇O 更快（在 1d、2d 和 3d 时，约 25%；P<0.05），而年轻人与 PRE 相比则保持不变（P>0.05）。这些发现表明，SIT 具有通过加速氧化磷酸化的调整率来急性提高有氧功能的潜力。然而，只有当 SIT 量达到最大值时（SIT），老年人才能保持这些有益效果。需要进一步的研究来评估 SIT 在老年人中的长期可行性。
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