Holroyd K A, Penzien D B
J Behav Med. 1986 Dec;9(6):515-36. doi: 10.1007/BF00845282.
Meta-analysis revealed that in studies evaluating behavioral treatments for tension headaches, the treatment outcome has varied with the client samples (e.g., age, gender, referral source) that have been used but not with the treatment procedures (e.g., type of behavioral intervention, length of treatment, whether or not efforts were made to facilitate transfer of training) or the research designs (e.g., internal validity, explicitness of diagnostic criteria) that have been used. Mean client age proved the best predictor of treatment outcome, accounting for 30% of the outcome variance following behavior therapy. Significantly poorer outcomes have also been reported in recent studies than were reported in early studies. These findings suggest that outcomes obtained with behavioral interventions have been less dependent upon the treatment variables that have been the primary focus of research attention than upon characteristics of client samples and behavioral interventions may be less effective in reducing headache activity than has previously been assumed.
荟萃分析显示，在评估紧张性头痛行为治疗的研究中，治疗结果因所使用的客户样本（如年龄、性别、转诊来源）而异，但与所使用的治疗程序（如行为干预类型、治疗时长、是否努力促进训练的迁移）或研究设计（如内部效度、诊断标准的明确性）无关。客户的平均年龄被证明是治疗结果的最佳预测指标，在行为治疗后，其可解释30%的结果差异。近期研究报告的结果也明显比早期研究更差。这些发现表明，行为干预所获得的结果与其说是取决于研究关注的主要治疗变量，不如说是取决于客户样本的特征，而且行为干预在减少头痛发作方面可能不如之前设想的那么有效。
