Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2022 Sep;14(5):e1807. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1807. Epub 2022 May 2.
In recent years, there have been significant innovations in the development of nanoparticle-based vaccines and vaccine delivery systems. For the purposes of both design and evaluation, these nanovaccines are imaged using the wealth of understanding established around medical imaging of nanomaterials. An important insight to the advancement of the field of nanovaccines can be given by an analysis of the design rationale of an imaging platform, as well as the significance of the information provided by imaging. Nanovaccine imaging strategies can be categorized by the imaging modality leveraged, but it is also worth understanding the superiority or convenience of a given modality over others in a given context of a particular nanovaccine. The most important imaging modalities in this endeavor are optical imaging including near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRF), emission tomography methods such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with or without computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR), the emerging magnetic particle imaging (MPI), and finally, multimodal applications of imaging which include molecular imaging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic (PA) imaging. One finds that each of these modalities has strengths and weaknesses, but optical and PET imaging tend, in this context, to be currently the most accessible, convenient, and informative modalities. Nevertheless, an important principle is that there is not a one-size-fits-all solution, and that the specific nanovaccine in question must be compatible with a particular imaging modality. This article is categorized under: Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease.
近年来，基于纳米粒子的疫苗和疫苗传递系统的发展取得了重大创新。为了设计和评估的目的，这些纳米疫苗使用围绕纳米材料医学成像建立的丰富知识进行成像。通过分析成像平台的设计原理以及成像提供的信息的重要性，可以为纳米疫苗领域的发展提供重要的见解。纳米疫苗成像策略可以根据所利用的成像方式进行分类，但在特定纳米疫苗的特定背景下，了解给定方式相对于其他方式的优势或便利性也很重要。在这项努力中最重要的成像方式是光学成像，包括近红外荧光成像（NIRF）、发射断层扫描方法，如正电子发射断层扫描（PET）和单光子发射计算机断层扫描（SPECT），带有或不带有计算机断层扫描（CT）或磁共振（MR）、新兴的磁性粒子成像（MPI），最后是成像的多模态应用，包括与磁共振成像（MRI）和光声（PA）成像结合的分子成像。人们发现，这些方式中的每一种都有其优点和缺点，但在这种情况下，光学和 PET 成像往往是目前最容易获得、最方便和最具信息性的方式。然而，一个重要的原则是，没有一种万能的解决方案，并且所讨论的特定纳米疫苗必须与特定的成像方式兼容。本文归类于： 生物学中的纳米技术方法 > 生物学中的纳米级系统 治疗方法和药物发现 > 用于肿瘤疾病的纳米医学 治疗方法和药物发现 > 用于传染病的纳米医学。
