University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Departments of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, P. O. Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
BMC Psychiatry. 2022 May 2;22(1):309. doi: 10.1186/s12888-022-03961-9.
Acute stress disorder is the main factor of impairment in multiple areas of functioning that affects almost all age groups and which also influences mental and physical health. However, it negatively impacts the quality of life and social activities. The empirical evidence about probable acute stress disorder (ASD) and its associated factors is not available in Ethiopia to date. Therefore, the present study was aimed at identifying the magnitude and associated factors of probable ASD among traumatized patients in order to plan and render informed intervention for these vulnerable people.
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Felege-Hiwot and the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospitals from March 11/2020 to April 20/2020, by using a structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit a total of 422 patients. The standard acute stress disorder scale was used to identify the prevalence of acute stress disorder by employing a face-to-face interview. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify associated factors with probable acute stress disorder. Statistical significance was declared on 95% of confidence intervals (CI) at P < 0.05.
The prevalence of probable acute stress disorder was found to be 45% (95% CI: 40.2 to 49.6). In the multivariate logistic analysis; exposure to past history of trauma (AOR = 3.46, 95%, CI: 1.01-11.80), past psychiatry illness (AOR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.15-7.92), anxiety (AOR = 2.38, 95% CI: 1.30-4.38), poor social support (AOR = 4.07, 95% CI: 2.20-7.52) and moderate (AOR = 4.56, 95% CI:2.44-8.52), and sever perceived threat to life (AOR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.64, 4.60) were factors significantly associated with probable acute stress disorder.
Findings of this study indicated that the prevalence of probable acute stress disorder among study participants exposed to multiple forms of traumatic events was considerably high. History of trauma and past psychiatric illness, poor and moderate social support, and moderate perceived stress were factors significantly associated with probable acute stress disorder. The ministry of health and other concerned health organizations may find the current finding useful for early detection, prevention, and intervention strategies to minimize the factor of acute stress disorder in trauma survivors.
急性应激障碍是影响几乎所有年龄段人群的多种功能障碍的主要因素，也会影响身心健康。然而，它会降低生活质量和社会活动能力。目前在埃塞俄比亚，尚无关于可能发生的急性应激障碍（ASD）及其相关因素的实证证据。因此，本研究旨在确定创伤患者中可能发生的急性应激障碍的严重程度及其相关因素，以便为这些弱势群体制定和提供知情干预措施。
这是一项在 2020 年 3 月 11 日至 4 月 20 日期间在 Felege-Hiwot 和贡德尔大学综合专科医院进行的基于机构的横断面研究，使用了结构化和半结构化问卷。采用系统随机抽样的方法，共招募了 422 名患者。采用标准的急性应激障碍量表，通过面对面访谈来确定急性应激障碍的患病率。采用双变量和多变量逻辑回归分析来确定与可能发生的急性应激障碍相关的因素。置信区间为 95%（CI：95%置信区间为 0.402 至 0.496）时，统计显著性水平为 P < 0.05。
发现可能发生的急性应激障碍的患病率为 45%（95%CI：40.2%至 49.6%）。在多变量逻辑分析中；过去有创伤史（AOR=3.46，95%CI：1.01-11.80）、过去有精神病病史（AOR=3.02，95%CI：1.15-7.92）、焦虑（AOR=2.38，95%CI：1.30-4.38）、社会支持较差（AOR=4.07，95%CI：2.20-7.52）和中等（AOR=4.56，95%CI：2.44-8.52）以及严重感知到生命受到威胁（AOR=2.75，95%CI：1.64-4.60）是与可能发生的急性应激障碍显著相关的因素。
本研究结果表明，在暴露于多种形式创伤事件的研究参与者中，可能发生的急性应激障碍的患病率相当高。创伤史和过去的精神病病史、较差和中等的社会支持以及中等程度的感知压力是与可能发生的急性应激障碍显著相关的因素。卫生部门和其他相关卫生组织可能会发现目前的研究结果有助于早期发现、预防和干预策略，以最大限度地减少创伤幸存者的急性应激障碍因素。
