Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behaviour, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
Animal Health Research Institute, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
BMC Vet Res. 2022 May 1;18(1):159. doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03261-0.
Pesticide exposure is thought to be a major contributor to living organism health deterioration, as evidenced by its impact on both cultured fish species and human health. Commercial fish diets are typically deficient in selenium (Se); hence, supplementation may be necessary to meet requirements during stress. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the protective role of selenium yeast (SY) supplementation for 60 days against the deleterious effects of glyphosate and or malathion chronic toxicity at sublethal concentrations in Oreochromis niloticus .
Two hundred and ten fish were divided into seven groups (n = 30/group) as follows: G1 (negative control); G2 (2 mg L glyphosate); G3 (0.5 mg L malathion); G4 (glyphosate 1.6 mg L and malathion 0.3 mg L); G5 (glyphosate 2 mg L and SY 3.3 mg kg); G6 (malathion 0.5 mg L and SY 3.3 mg kg); and G7 (glyphosate 1.6 mg L; malathion 0.3 mg L and SY 3.3 mg kg).
Results revealed significant alteration in growth performance parameters including feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER). G4 has the highest documented cumulative mortalities (40%), followed by G3 (30%). Additionally, the greatest impact was documented in G4, followed by G3 and then G2 as severe anemia with significant thrombocytopenia; leukocytosis; hypoproteinemia; increased Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, and creatinine, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Considering the previously mentioned parameters, selenium yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (3.3 mg kg available selenium) mitigated the negative impact of both the agrochemicals, whether exposed singly or in combination, in addition to their antioxidative action.
In conclusion, our study found that organophosphorus agrochemicals, single or combined, had negative impacts on Oreochromis niloticus regarding growth performance, biochemical and hematological changes in the serum, as well as induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney tissues. Supplementation of SY at the rate of 3.3 mg kg diet (2.36 mg kg selenomethionine and 0.94 mg organic selenium) ameliorated the fish performance and health status adversely affected by organophosphorus agrochemical intoxication.
据报道，农药暴露是导致生物机体健康恶化的主要因素之一，这一点在养殖鱼类物种和人类健康方面都有体现。商业鱼类饲料通常缺乏硒（Se）；因此，在应激期间，可能需要补充以满足需求。因此，本研究旨在探讨硒酵母（SY）补充 60 天对草甘膦和马拉硫磷慢性毒性亚致死浓度在奥利亚罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）中的有害影响的保护作用。
将 210 条鱼分为七组（n = 30/组）：G1（阴性对照）；G2（2 mg/L 草甘膦）；G3（0.5 mg/L 马拉硫磷）；G4（草甘膦 1.6 mg/L 和马拉硫磷 0.3 mg/L）；G5（草甘膦 2 mg/L 和 SY 3.3 mg/kg）；G6（马拉硫磷 0.5 mg/L 和 SY 3.3 mg/kg）；G7（草甘膦 1.6 mg/L；马拉硫磷 0.3 mg/L 和 SY 3.3 mg/kg）。
结果显示，生长性能参数（包括饲料摄入量（FI）、体重（BW）、体重增重（BWG）、特定生长率（SGR）、饲料转化率（FCR）和蛋白质效率比（PER））发生显著变化。G4 的累积死亡率最高（40%），其次是 G3（30%）。此外，G4 的影响最大，其次是 G3，然后是 G2，表现为严重贫血伴显著血小板减少症；白细胞增多症；低蛋白血症；丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、尿素和肌酐升高，以及丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）升高。考虑到上述参数，硒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）（3.3 mg/kg 可利用硒）减轻了农业化学物质的负面影响，无论是单独暴露还是联合暴露，以及它们的抗氧化作用。
综上所述，我们的研究发现，有机磷农药单独或联合使用对奥利亚罗非鱼的生长性能、血清生化和血液学变化以及肝脏和肾脏组织的氧化损伤有负面影响。SY 以 3.3 mg/kg 饲料（2.36 mg/kg 硒代蛋氨酸和 0.94 mg 有机硒）的剂量补充可以改善因有机磷农药中毒而受到不利影响的鱼类性能和健康状况。
