School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022 May 3;79(5):272. doi: 10.1007/s00018-022-04286-2.
Characterized by a surplus of whole-body adiposity, obesity is strongly associated with the prognosis of atherosclerosis, a hallmark of coronary artery disease (CAD) and the major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Adipose tissue serves a primary role as a lipid-storage organ, secreting cytokines known as adipokines that affect whole-body metabolism, inflammation, and endocrine functions. Emerging evidence suggests that adipokines can play important roles in atherosclerosis development, progression, as well as regression. Here, we review the versatile functions of various adipokines in atherosclerosis and divide these respective functions into three major groups: protective, deteriorative, and undefined. The protective adipokines represented here are adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9), and progranulin, while the deteriorative adipokines listed include leptin, chemerin, resistin, Interleukin- 6 (IL-6), and more, with additional adipokines that have unclear roles denoted as undefined adipokines. Comprehensively categorizing adipokines in the context of atherosclerosis can help elucidate the various pathways involved and potentially pave novel therapeutic approaches to treat CVDs.
肥胖的特征是全身脂肪过多，与动脉粥样硬化的预后密切相关，动脉粥样硬化是冠心病（CAD）的标志，也是心血管疾病（CVD）死亡率的主要原因。脂肪组织主要作为脂质储存器官，分泌细胞因子，称为脂肪因子，影响全身代谢、炎症和内分泌功能。新出现的证据表明，脂肪因子在动脉粥样硬化的发展、进展和消退中可以发挥重要作用。在这里，我们回顾了各种脂肪因子在动脉粥样硬化中的多种功能，并将这些功能分为三大类：保护、恶化和未定义。这里代表的保护性脂肪因子有脂联素、成纤维细胞生长因子 21（FGF-21）、C1q 肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白 9（CTRP9）和颗粒蛋白，而列表中的恶化性脂肪因子包括瘦素、趋化素、抵抗素、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）等，还有一些具有不确定作用的脂肪因子被归为未定义的脂肪因子。全面分类脂肪因子在动脉粥样硬化中的作用有助于阐明涉及的各种途径，并可能为治疗 CVDs 开辟新的治疗方法。
