College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 Sep 1;837:155563. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155563. Epub 2022 Apr 30.
Microbial immobilization technology (MIT) has been rapidly developed and used to remove pollutants from water/wastewater in recent years, owing to its high stability, rapid reaction rate, and high activity. Microbial immobilization carrier with low cost and high removal efficiency is the key of MIT. Biochar is considered to be an efficient carrier for microbial immobilization because of its high porosity and good adsorption effect, which can provide a habitat for microorganisms. The use of biochar immobilized microorganisms to treat different pollutants in wastewater is a promising treatment method. Compared with the other biological treatment technology, biochar immobilized microorganisms can improve microbial abundance, repeated utilization ratio, microbial metabolic capacity, etc. However, current research on this method is still in its infancy. Little attention has been paid to the interaction mechanisms between biochar and microorganisms, and many studies are only carried out in the laboratory. There are still problems such as difficult recovery after use and secondary pollution caused by residual pollutants after biochar adsorption, which need further clarification. To have comprehensive digestion and an in-depth understanding of biochar immobilized microorganisms technology in wastewater treatment, the wastewater treatment methods based on biochar are firstly summarized in this review. Then the mechanisms of immobilized microorganisms were explored, and the applications of biochar immobilized microorganisms in wastewater were systematically reviewed. Finally, suggestions and perspectives for future research and practical application are put forward.
近年来，微生物固定化技术（MIT）因其高稳定性、快速反应速率和高活性而得到了快速发展和应用，用于去除水中/废水中的污染物。具有低成本和高去除效率的微生物固定化载体是 MIT 的关键。由于生物炭具有高孔隙率和良好的吸附效果，可为微生物提供栖息地，因此被认为是微生物固定化的有效载体。利用生物炭固定化微生物处理废水中的不同污染物是一种很有前途的处理方法。与其他生物处理技术相比，生物炭固定化微生物可以提高微生物丰度、重复利用率、微生物代谢能力等。然而，目前对这种方法的研究还处于起步阶段。人们很少关注生物炭和微生物之间的相互作用机制，许多研究仅在实验室进行。生物炭吸附后残留污染物引起的回收困难和二次污染等问题仍需进一步澄清。为了全面消化和深入了解废水处理中的生物炭固定化微生物技术，本综述首先总结了基于生物炭的废水处理方法。然后探讨了固定化微生物的作用机制，并系统地综述了生物炭固定化微生物在废水处理中的应用。最后，提出了未来研究和实际应用的建议和展望。
