Temple University, Department of Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
San Diego State University, Department of Anthropology, San Diego, CA, USA.
Nat Commun. 2022 May 3;13(1):2383. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-29818-z.
Historical ecology has revolutionized our understanding of fisheries and cultural landscapes, demonstrating the value of historical data for evaluating the past, present, and future of Earth's ecosystems. Despite several important studies, Indigenous fisheries generally receive less attention from scholars and managers than the 17th-20th century capitalist commercial fisheries that decimated many keystone species, including oysters. We investigate Indigenous oyster harvest through time in North America and Australia, placing these data in the context of sea level histories and historical catch records. Indigenous oyster fisheries were pervasive across space and through time, persisting for 5000-10,000 years or more. Oysters were likely managed and sometimes "farmed," and are woven into broader cultural, ritual, and social traditions. Effective stewardship of oyster reefs and other marine fisheries around the world must center Indigenous histories and include Indigenous community members to co-develop more inclusive, just, and successful strategies for restoration, harvest, and management.
历史生态学彻底改变了我们对渔业和文化景观的理解，展示了历史数据在评估地球生态系统过去、现在和未来方面的价值。尽管有几项重要的研究，但与 17 至 20 世纪摧毁了许多关键物种（包括牡蛎）的资本主义商业渔业相比，原住民渔业通常受到学者和管理者的关注较少。我们通过时间调查了北美的原住民牡蛎捕捞，并将这些数据置于海平面历史和历史捕捞记录的背景下。原住民牡蛎渔业在空间和时间上普遍存在，持续了 5000-10000 年或更长时间。牡蛎可能被管理，有时也被“养殖”，并融入更广泛的文化、仪式和社会传统中。要在全球范围内有效地管理牡蛎礁和其他海洋渔业，就必须以原住民的历史为中心，并让原住民社区成员参与进来，共同制定更具包容性、公平性和成功性的恢复、捕捞和管理策略。
