Tsai C F, Lin L J, Wang C H, Tsai C S, Chang S C, Lee T T
Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
Anim Biosci. 2022 Dec;35(12):1892-1903. doi: 10.5713/ab.21.0529. Epub 2022 Apr 29.
A series of experiment were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing a part of soybean meal (SBM) at 6% of broiler diets with fermented soybean meal (FSBM) obtained by single or two-stage fermentation by measuring growth performance, antioxidant activity in the jejunum and distal intestinal microflora.
Soybean meal samples were prepared by single-stage fermentation using Bacillus velezensis (Bv) (FSBMB), or Lactobacillus spp. (as commercial control) (FSBML). Additional SBM sample was prepared by two-stage fermentation using Bv and subsequently using Lactobacillus brevis ATCC 367 (Lb) (FSBMB+L). Enzyme activity, chemical composition, trichloroethanoic acid-nitrogen solubility index (TCA-NSI) and antioxidant activity were measured. Then, in an in vivo study, 320 Ross308 broilers were divided into four groups with ad libitum supply of feed and water. Four groups were fed either a corn-soybean meal diet (SBM), or one of fermented SBM diets (FSBMB+L, FSBMB, and FSBML). Growth, serum characteristics, microflora, and the mRNA expression of selected genes were measured.
Compared to SBM, FSBMB+L contained lower galacto-oligosaccharide, allergic protein, and trypsin inhibitor, and higher TCA-NSI by about three times (p<0.05). Reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging ability correlated positively with the TCA-NSI content in FSBM. Growth performances were not significantly different among four groups. In jejunum of 35-day-old broilers, partial replacement of SBM by FSBMB+L increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT), and the FSBMB group had the highest catalase activity (p<0.05). Partial replacement of SBM by FSBM increased relative mRNA expressions of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) (p<0.05); however, FSBMB+L increased CAT mRNA level to 5 times of the control (p<0.05).
Using Bv- and Lb-processed SBM through two-stage fermentation to partially replace 6% of diets will improve the gut's antioxidant activity under commercial breeding in broilers.
进行一系列实验，通过测量生长性能、空肠抗氧化活性和远端肠道微生物群，评估用单阶段或两阶段发酵获得的发酵豆粕（FSBM）替代肉鸡日粮中6%的部分豆粕（SBM）的效果。
豆粕样品通过使用解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bv）进行单阶段发酵制备（FSBMB），或使用乳酸杆菌属（作为商业对照）（FSBML）制备。另外一个SBM样品通过使用Bv随后使用短乳杆菌ATCC 367（Lb）进行两阶段发酵制备（FSBMB+L）。测量酶活性、化学成分、三氯乙酸氮溶解度指数（TCA-NSI）和抗氧化活性。然后，在一项体内研究中，将320只罗斯308肉鸡分为四组，自由采食饲料和饮水。四组分别饲喂玉米-豆粕日粮（SBM）或一种发酵豆粕日粮（FSBMB+L、FSBMB和FSBML）。测量生长、血清特性、微生物群和选定基因的mRNA表达。
与SBM相比，FSBMB+L含有较低的低聚半乳糖、过敏蛋白和胰蛋白酶抑制剂，TCA-NSI高出约三倍（p<0.05）。还原力和1,1-二苯基-2-苦基肼自由基清除能力与FSBM中的TCA-NSI含量呈正相关。四组之间的生长性能没有显著差异。在35日龄肉鸡的空肠中，用FSBMB+L部分替代SBM提高了超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性，FSBMB组的过氧化氢酶活性最高（p<0.05）。用FSBM部分替代SBM增加了核因子红细胞2相关因子2（Nrf2）、血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）和肽转运蛋白1（PepT1）的相对mRNA表达（p<0.05）；然而，FSBMB+L将CAT mRNA水平提高到对照的5倍（p<0.05）。
通过两阶段发酵使用Bv和Lb处理的SBM部分替代6%的日粮，将提高肉鸡商业养殖条件下肠道的抗氧化活性。
