Federal University of Itajuba, Institute of Pure and Applied Sciences, Campus Itabira. Rua Irmã Ivone Drumond, 200 Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Federal University of Lavras, Environmental Engineering Department, Campus Universitário, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2022 Sep;302:134808. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134808. Epub 2022 May 1.
The presence of emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), in aquatic environments has received increasing attention in the last years due to the various possible impacts on the dynamics of the natural environment and human health. In global terms, around 771 active pharmaceutical substances or their transformation products have been detected at levels above their respective detection limit. Additionally, 528 different compounds have been detected in 159 countries. Seeking to overcome potential ecotoxicological problems, several studies have been conducted using different technologies for PPCPs removal. Recently, the use of macro, microalgae, and aquatic macrophytes has been highlighted due to the excellent bioremediation capacity of these organisms and easy acclimatization. Thus, the present review aims to outline a brief and well-oriented scenario concerning the knowledge about the bioremediation alternatives of PPCPs through the use of macro, microalgae, and aquatic macrophytes. The characteristics of PPCPs and the risks of these compounds to the environment and human health are also addressed. Moreover, the review indicates the opportunities and challenges for expanding the use of biotechnologies based on algae and aquatic macrophytes, such as studies dedicated to relate the operational criteria of these biotechnologies with the main PPCPs removal mechanisms. Finally, algae and macrophytes can compose green and ecological biotechnologies for wastewater treatment, having great contribution to PPCPs removal.
近年来，由于新兴污染物（如药品和个人护理产品 [PPCPs]）对自然环境动态和人类健康可能产生的各种影响，水生环境中新兴污染物的存在受到了越来越多的关注。在全球范围内，已经检测到超过各自检测限的 771 种活性药物物质或其转化产物，此外，在 159 个国家已经检测到 528 种不同的化合物。为了克服潜在的生态毒理学问题，已经使用不同的技术对 PPCPs 进行了去除研究。最近，由于这些生物具有出色的生物修复能力和易于适应环境的特性，大型藻类、微藻和水生大型植物的使用得到了强调。因此，本综述旨在概述通过使用大型藻类、微藻和水生大型植物对 PPCPs 进行生物修复的替代方法的简要而有针对性的知识。还讨论了 PPCPs 的特性以及这些化合物对环境和人类健康的风险。此外，该综述指出了扩大基于藻类和水生大型植物的生物技术应用的机会和挑战，例如致力于将这些生物技术的操作标准与主要 PPCPs 去除机制联系起来的研究。最后，藻类和大型植物可以组成绿色和生态的废水处理生物技术，对 PPCPs 的去除有很大的贡献。
