Massolo Alessandro, Simoncini Andrea, Romig Thomas
Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-environnement, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon, France.
Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Trends Parasitol. 2022 Jul;38(7):501-512. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2022.04.003. Epub 2022 May 1.
Zoonotic cestodes of the genus Echinococcus show marked differences in their distribution patterns which have not been satisfactorily explained. Echinococcus multilocularis is limited to the Holarctic, whereas species in the Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) complex mostly have a worldwide distribution. We proposed and tested a 'bridge effect' hypothesis stating that the low virulence of species in the E. granulosus s.l. complex for their intermediate hosts and a longer lifespan of infected hosts explain the differential distributions, particularly in hot and dry regions. This does not exclude the contribution of other factors such as human-mediated dispersal and intermediate host distribution. In the light of globalization and climate change, understanding what drives the distribution of zoonotic parasites is critical for preventing outbreaks of disease caused by these pathogens.
棘球绦虫属的人畜共患绦虫在其分布模式上表现出显著差异，这些差异尚未得到令人满意的解释。多房棘球绦虫局限于全北区，而广义细粒棘球绦虫复合体中的物种大多分布于全球。我们提出并检验了一个“桥梁效应”假说，该假说认为，广义细粒棘球绦虫复合体中的物种对其中间宿主的低毒力以及受感染宿主较长的寿命解释了这种分布差异，特别是在炎热干燥地区。这并不排除其他因素的作用，如人类介导的传播和中间宿主的分布。鉴于全球化和气候变化，了解驱动人畜共患寄生虫分布的因素对于预防由这些病原体引起的疾病爆发至关重要。
