Department of Imaging Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2022 Jul;9(20):e2105957. doi: 10.1002/advs.202105957. Epub 2022 May 4.
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown considerable potential in a vast number of biomedical applications. However, currently there are no clinically approved injectable GNP formulations. Conversely, gold salts have been used in the clinic for nearly a century. Further, there is evidence of GNP formation in patients treated with gold salts (i.e., chrysiasis). Recent reports evaluating this phenomenon in human cells and in murine models indicate that the use of gold ions for in situ formation of theranostic GNPs could greatly improve the delivery within dense biological tissues, increase efficiency of intracellular gold uptake, and specificity of GNP formation within cancer cells. These attributes in combination with safe clinical application of gold salts make this process a viable strategy for clinical translation. Here, the first summary of the current knowledge related to GNP biomineralization in mammalian cells is provided along with critical assessment of potential biomedical applications of this newly emergent field.
金纳米颗粒（GNPs）在大量的生物医学应用中显示出了相当大的潜力。然而，目前还没有临床批准的可注射 GNPs 制剂。相反，金盐在临床上已经使用了近一个世纪。此外，有证据表明，接受金盐（即金沉着症）治疗的患者体内形成了 GNPs。最近在人类细胞和小鼠模型中评估这一现象的报告表明，使用金离子原位形成治疗性 GNPs 可以极大地改善在密集生物组织中的递药效率，提高细胞内金摄取的效率，并提高 GNPs 在癌细胞内的形成特异性。这些特性结合金盐的安全临床应用，使得这一过程成为临床转化的可行策略。本文首次总结了哺乳动物细胞中与 GNPs 生物矿化相关的现有知识，并对这一新兴领域的潜在生物医学应用进行了批判性评估。
