Tavares Marília Manuppella, Ferro Milene, Leal Bárbara Simões Santos, Palma-Silva Clarisse
Departamento de Biologia Vegetal Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil.
Departamento de Biologia Geral e Aplicada Universidade Estadual Paulista Rio Claro Brazil.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Apr 29;12(5):e8834. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8834. eCollection 2022 May.
The study of mechanisms that generate new species is considered fundamental for broad areas of ecology and evolution. Speciation is a continuous process in which reproductive isolation is established, and it is of fundamental importance to understand the origins of the adaptations that contribute to this process. Hybrid zones are considered natural laboratories for the study of speciation and represent ideal systems for such studies. Here, we investigated genomic differentiation between hybridizing Neotropical species (G. Lodd.) and (Herb.). Using thousands of SNPs genotyped through RAD-seq, we estimate effective population sizes, interspecific gene flow, as well as time of divergence between these two sister species and identify candidate genomic regions for positive selection that may be related to reproductive isolation. We selected different scenarios of speciation and tested them by using approximate Bayesian computation (ABC); we found evidence of divergence with gradual reduction in gene flow between these species over time, compatible with the hypothesis of speciation with gene flow between these species. The parameter estimates obtained through ABC suggested that the effective population size of was around three times larger than that of . Our divergence date estimates showed that these two species diverged during the Pliocene (4.7 Mya; CI = 1.3-8.5 Mya), which has likely allowed this species to accumulate genome-wide differences. We also detected a total of 17 of 4165 loci which showed signatures of selection with high genetic differentiation ( > 0.85), 12 of these loci were annotated in de novo assembled transcriptomes of both species, and 4 candidate genes were identified to be putatively involved in reproductive isolation. These four candidate genes were previously associated with the function of pollen development, pollen tube germination and orientation, abiotic stress, and flower scent in plants, suggesting an interplay between pre- and postpollination barriers in the evolution of reproductive isolation between such species.
新物种形成机制的研究被认为是生态学和进化广泛领域的基础。物种形成是一个建立生殖隔离的连续过程,理解促成这一过程的适应性起源至关重要。杂交区被视为研究物种形成的天然实验室,是此类研究的理想系统。在这里,我们研究了杂交的新热带物种(G. Lodd.)和(Herb.)之间的基因组分化。通过RAD-seq对数千个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)进行基因分型,我们估计了有效种群大小、种间基因流,以及这两个姊妹物种之间的分化时间,并确定了可能与生殖隔离相关的正选择候选基因组区域。我们选择了不同的物种形成场景,并使用近似贝叶斯计算(ABC)进行测试;我们发现随着时间推移这些物种之间基因流逐渐减少的分化证据,这与这些物种之间存在基因流的物种形成假说相符。通过ABC获得的参数估计表明,的有效种群大小约是的三倍。我们的分化日期估计表明,这两个物种在上新世(470万年前;置信区间 = 130 - 850万年前)期间发生分化,这可能使该物种积累了全基因组差异。我们还在4165个位点中总共检测到17个显示出高遗传分化(> 0.85)的选择特征,其中12个位点在两个物种的从头组装转录组中得到注释,并且鉴定出4个候选基因可能参与生殖隔离。这四个候选基因先前与植物中的花粉发育、花粉管萌发和定向、非生物胁迫以及花香功能相关,表明在这些物种之间生殖隔离的进化中授粉前和授粉后障碍之间存在相互作用。