Lovegrove Josephine, Fulbrook Paul, Miles Sandra J, Steele Michael, Liu Xian-Liang, Zhang Lin, Cobos Vargas Angel
School of Nursing, Midwifery & Paramedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, Australia.
Nursing Research and Practice Development Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia.
Int J Nurs Sci. 2022 Mar 18;9(2):169-178. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2022.03.003. eCollection 2022 Apr.
To translate an intensive care-specific pressure injury risk assessment tool (the COMHON Index) from English into Chinese Mandarin.
A four-step approach to instrument translation was utilised: 1) English-Mandarin forward-translation by three independent bilinguists; 2) Mandarin-English back-translation by two other independent bilinguists; 3) comparison of forward and back-translations, identification of discrepancies, with required amendments returned to step one; and 4) piloting of the translated instrument. The pilot study was undertaken in a Chinese surgical intensive care unit with a convenience sample of 20 nurses. A five-point ordinal scale (1 = very difficult; 5 = very easy) was used to assess ease-of-use and understanding. Translations were retained where medians ≥ 4 indicated use and understanding was easy to very easy.
Five iterations of steps 1 to 3, and two sets of amendments to the original English instrument, were required to achieve translation consensus prior to pilot testing. Subscale scoring, sum scoring, and risk categorisation were documented in most pilot assessments (≥ 80%), but three sum scores were incorrectly tallied. The overall tool and all subscales were easy to use and understand (medians ≥ 4), and most assessments (16/20, 80%) took ≤ 5 min to complete. Thus, translations were retained, with minor amendments made to instrument instructions for scoring and risk categorisation.
An easy-to-use Chinese Mandarin intensive care-specific pressure injury risk assessment tool has been introduced through cross-cultural translation. However, it requires further testing of interrater reliability and agreement. A rigorous translation and reporting exemplar is presented that provides guidance for future translations.
将一种重症监护专用的压力性损伤风险评估工具（COMHON指数）从英文翻译成中文普通话。
采用四步工具翻译法：1）由三名独立的双语人员进行英文到中文普通话的正向翻译；2）由另外两名独立的双语人员进行中文普通话到英文的反向翻译；3）比较正向和反向翻译，识别差异，将所需修订返回第一步；4）对翻译后的工具进行预试验。预试验在一家中国外科重症监护病房进行，选取20名护士作为便利样本。使用五点顺序量表（1 = 非常困难；5 = 非常容易）评估易用性和理解程度。当中位数≥4表明使用和理解容易到非常容易时，翻译予以保留。
在预试验之前，需要对步骤1至3进行五次迭代，并对原始英文工具进行两组修订，以达成翻译共识。在大多数预试验评估（≥80%）中记录了子量表评分、总分评分和风险分类，但有三个总分计算错误。整体工具和所有子量表都易于使用和理解（中位数≥4），大多数评估（16/20，80%）完成时间≤5分钟。因此，翻译予以保留，并对工具的评分和风险分类说明进行了小的修订。
通过跨文化翻译引入了一种易于使用的中文普通话重症监护专用压力性损伤风险评估工具。然而，它需要进一步测试评分者间的可靠性和一致性。本文提供了一个严格的翻译和报告范例，为未来的翻译提供指导。
