Department of Botany, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87300 Balochistan, Pakistan.
Department of Microbiology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, 87300 Balochistan, Pakistan.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 Apr 25;2022:6811613. doi: 10.1155/2022/6811613. eCollection 2022.
Medicinal plants have great importance to the consumer health, as beside beneficial compounds, plants can accumulate essential and nonessential metals from soil and surrounding environments, leading to consumer health risks. Assuming this, the present study is aimed at evaluating the elemental composition and daily dose standardization based on essential and nonessential trace element presence in of bark, leaves, and roots of Ahrendt, a common medicinal plant used as a folk medicine in the region. Atomic absorption and flame emission spectroscopy were performed to analyze the presence of essential and nonessential elements manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), and potassium (K). Among the essential elements, K was present at high concentrations in the bark (8926.98 ± 0.32 g/g), leaves (7922.77 ± 0.42 g/g), and roots (6668.5 ± 0.96 g/g) of the plant. The estimated concentration of Na was higher in leaves (1782.56 ± 0.13 g/g), followed by roots (1089.5 ± 0.71 g/g) and bark (572.8 ± 0.62 g/g). The Fe concentration varied in the range of 394.7 ± 0.3 g/g in bark, 1298.3 ± 0.54 g/g in leaves, and 1208.9 ± 0.7 g/g in roots. The trace transition element Mn was highest in leaves (42.7 ± 0.99 g/g), followed by roots (33.5 ± 0.94 g/g) and bark (22 ± 1 g/g). The Cu concentration was low, ranging from 20.1 ± 0.63 to 22.67 ± 0.7 g/g in leaves, bark, and roots. The obtained concentration of nonessential element Pb was relatively lower than the permissible range (10 mgL-1) established by the World Health Organization. The elemental concentrations in all parts were within the set limits for provisional tolerable daily maximum intake (PTDMI) and provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), and the hazard quotient index (HQ) was below 1 for all toxic metals. The micro and macroelemental distribution and the overall medicinal potential of any medicinal plant can be correlated for dose risk estimation, which will be useful in providing knowledge regarding the contraindication associated with folk medicines. In the present study, based on the elemental composition, it was calculated that the daily safe dose for is approximately 2-5 g/day of raw powder for an adult, which must not be exceeded to this safe range.
药用植物对消费者的健康非常重要，因为除了有益的化合物外，植物还可以从土壤和周围环境中积累必需和非必需的金属，从而给消费者的健康带来风险。鉴于此，本研究旨在评估树皮、叶片和根中存在的必需和非必需微量元素的元素组成和日剂量标准化，Ahrendt 是一种常用的民间药用植物。原子吸收和火焰发射光谱法用于分析锰（Mn）、铜（Cu）、铅（Pb）、镍（Ni）、铁（Fe）、钠（Na）和钾（K）等必需和非必需元素的存在。在必需元素中，K 在植物的树皮（8926.98 ± 0.32 g/g）、叶片（7922.77 ± 0.42 g/g）和根部（6668.5 ± 0.96 g/g）中含量较高。植物中 Na 的估算浓度在叶片中较高（1782.56 ± 0.13 g/g），其次是根部（1089.5 ± 0.71 g/g）和树皮（572.8 ± 0.62 g/g）。Fe 浓度在树皮中的范围为 394.7 ± 0.3 g/g，叶片中为 1298.3 ± 0.54 g/g，根部中为 1208.9 ± 0.7 g/g。痕量过渡元素 Mn 在叶片中含量最高（42.7 ± 0.99 g/g），其次是根部（33.5 ± 0.94 g/g）和树皮（22 ± 1 g/g）。Cu 浓度较低，叶片、树皮和根中的范围为 20.1 ± 0.63 至 22.67 ± 0.7 g/g。获得的非必需元素 Pb 浓度相对低于世界卫生组织（WHO）规定的允许范围（10 mgL-1）。所有部位的元素浓度均在暂定可耐受每日最大摄入量（PTDMI）和暂定可耐受每周摄入量（PTWI）的设定限值内，所有有毒金属的危害商指数（HQ）均低于 1。药用植物的微量元素和宏量元素分布以及整体药用潜力可以与剂量风险评估相关联，这将有助于提供与民间药物相关的禁忌症相关的知识。在本研究中，根据元素组成，计算出成人每天安全剂量约为 2-5 g 生药粉，不得超过此安全范围。
