Jemilohun Abiodun C, Akande Kolawole O, Ngubor Taamaka D, Oku Omosivwe, Ogunmola Marion I, Adesuyi Yetunde O
Medicine, Benjamin Carson Snr. College of Health and Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, NGA.
Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, NGA.
Cureus. 2022 Mar 30;14(3):e23637. doi: 10.7759/cureus.23637. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Introduction Although the global incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) appears to have reduced substantially in the past few decades, acute UGIB still carries significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. There are currently no published data on UGIB in Ogun State, Nigeria. This study examined the endoscopic findings in patients with UGIB in Ogun State. Methodology The study was a retrospective cross-sectional survey of patients with UGIB who had upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at three endoscopy centers in Ogun State, Southwest Nigeria, from January 2015 to December 2021. Patients' data, which included age, gender, and endoscopic findings, were extracted from the endoscopy registers into a spreadsheet and analyzed statistically. Summary statistics included means ± standard deviation for continuous variables and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Categorical variables were compared for differences by chi-square test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. The statistical significance cutoff was p-value <0.05. Results A total of 171 had endoscopy for UGIB during the period under review but 168 had complete data. Out of the 168, 113 (67.3%) were males, giving a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. The mean age of the patients was 52.4 ± 18.1 years, with an age range of 7-85 years. The modal age group was ≥60 years (75; 39.9%). The most common endoscopic finding was peptic ulcer disease (77; 45.8%), followed by esophagogastric varices (27; 16.1%), erosive mucosal disease (25; 14.9 %), portal hypertensive gastropathy (15; 8.9%), suspected malignancies (11; 6.6%), hemorrhagic gastritis (7; 4.2%), gastric antral vascular ectasia (2; 1.2%), and Mallory-Weiss tear (1; 0.6%), respectively. Forty-four patients (26.2%) had no lesion that could explain UGIB. Conclusion Peptic ulcer disease was the most common cause of UGIB among our patient population, and the elderly male patients were the most affected.
尽管在过去几十年中，全球上消化道出血（UGIB）的发病率似乎已大幅下降，但急性UGIB在全球范围内仍具有显著的发病率和死亡率。目前在尼日利亚奥贡州尚无关于UGIB的已发表数据。本研究调查了奥贡州UGIB患者的内镜检查结果。
本研究是一项回顾性横断面调查，研究对象为2015年1月至2021年12月期间在尼日利亚西南部奥贡州的三个内镜检查中心接受上消化道内镜检查的UGIB患者。患者数据，包括年龄、性别和内镜检查结果，从内镜检查登记册中提取到电子表格中并进行统计分析。汇总统计包括连续变量的均值±标准差以及分类变量的频率和百分比。分类变量通过卡方检验或Fisher精确检验（视情况而定）比较差异。统计学显著性临界值为p值<0.05。
在审查期间，共有171例患者因UGIB接受了内镜检查，但168例有完整数据。在这168例患者中，113例（67.3%）为男性，男女比例为2:1。患者的平均年龄为52.4±18.1岁，年龄范围为7至85岁。最常见的年龄组为≥60岁（75例；39.9%）。最常见的内镜检查结果是消化性溃疡病（77例；45.8%），其次是食管胃静脉曲张（27例；16.1%）、糜烂性黏膜病（25例；14.9%）、门静脉高压性胃病（15例；8.9%）、疑似恶性肿瘤（11例；6.6%）、出血性胃炎（7例；4.2%）、胃窦血管扩张症（2例；1.2%）和马洛里-魏斯撕裂（1例；0.6%）。44例患者（26.2%）没有可解释UGIB的病变。
消化性溃疡病是我们患者群体中UGIB最常见的原因，老年男性患者受影响最大。
