Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia.
Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 30;21(1):1120. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06800-6.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an infectious disease of global significance, causing a significant health burden in Africa due to complications associated with infection, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. In Nigeria, which is considered a high prevalence country, estimates of HBV cases are inconsistent, and therefore additional clarity is required to manage HBV-associated public health challenges.
A systematic review of the literature (via PubMed, Advanced Google Scholar, African Index Medicus) was conducted to retrieve primary studies published between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019, with a random-effects model based on proportions used to estimate the population-based prevalence of HBV in the Nigerian population.
The final analyses included 47 studies with 21,702 participants that revealed a pooled prevalence of 9.5%. A prevalence estimate above 8% in a population is classified as high. Sub-group analyses revealed the highest HBV prevalence in rural settings (10.7%). The North West region had the highest prevalence (12.1%) among Nigeria's six geopolitical zones/regions. The estimate of total variation between studies indicated substantial heterogeneity. These variations could be explained by setting and geographical region. The statistical test for Egger's regression showed no evidence of publication bias (p = 0.879).
We present an up-to-date review on the prevalence of HBV in Nigeria, which will provide critical data to optimise and assess the impact of current prevention and control strategies, including disease surveillance and diagnoses, vaccination policies and management for those infected.
乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）是一种具有全球意义的传染病，由于感染相关的并发症，如肝硬化和肝癌，在非洲造成了巨大的健康负担。在尼日利亚，由于乙型肝炎病例的估计不一致，因此被认为是高发国家，需要更多的明确数据来管理与乙型肝炎相关的公共卫生挑战。
通过 PubMed、高级谷歌学术、非洲医学索引检索了 2010 年 1 月 1 日至 2019 年 12 月 31 日期间发表的原始研究，采用基于比例的随机效应模型来估计尼日利亚人群中乙型肝炎病毒的人群患病率。
最终分析包括 47 项研究，涉及 21702 名参与者，显示出 9.5%的总体患病率。人群中乙型肝炎病毒流行率超过 8%被归类为高流行率。亚组分析显示，农村地区的乙型肝炎病毒流行率最高（10.7%）。在尼日利亚的六个地缘政治区/地区中，西北区的流行率最高（12.1%）。研究之间总变异的估计表明存在很大的异质性。这些差异可以通过环境和地理位置来解释。Egger 回归的统计检验表明没有发表偏倚的证据（p=0.879）。
我们提出了一份关于尼日利亚乙型肝炎病毒流行率的最新综述，这将为优化和评估当前预防和控制策略的效果提供关键数据，包括疾病监测和诊断、疫苗接种政策以及对感染者的管理。
