Shams Elika, Barzad Mohammad Sadegh, Mohamadnia Sonia, Tavakoli Omid, Mehrdadfar Alireza
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, 48425University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Research and Development Department, Iranian National Algae Culture Collection, Tehran, Iran.
J Biomater Appl. 2022 Aug;37(2):355-372. doi: 10.1177/08853282221085690. Epub 2022 May 5.
The advent of three-dimensional (3D) Bioprinting increased the need for a suitable bioink in which Cells can live, proliferate and generate specific tissue and organ. Therefore, bioinks must have several physical and chemical characteristics that depend on the bioprinting modality and the target tissue. Alginate is considered a promising biomaterial for bioprinting due to its distinct physicochemical properties and diverse biological functions. However, some characteristics, such as cell adherence and biodegradability, are lacking, which can compensate when combined with other biomaterials, for example, gelatin, gelatin methacryloyl (GelMa), cellulose, silk fibroin, and hyaluronic acid. The alginate-gelatin blend receives considerable attention since gelatin has Arginine, Glycine, and Aspartate, the tripeptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence that could sustain cell attachment. Some parameters assist the optimization of bioink features like temperature, biomaterials' concentration, and crosslinking time. For instance, the viscosity of alginate increases by enhancing its concentration, and while it exhibits shear thinning property, it will be printed correctly. This review interprets the alginate-based bioink, focusing on its composite with other natural biomaterials, especially gelatin. Also, it discusses the parameters that affect bioink functionality and cell viability.
三维（3D）生物打印技术的出现增加了对合适生物墨水的需求，在这种生物墨水中细胞能够存活、增殖并生成特定的组织和器官。因此，生物墨水必须具备若干物理和化学特性，这些特性取决于生物打印方式和目标组织。由于其独特的物理化学性质和多样的生物学功能，藻酸盐被认为是一种有前景的生物打印生物材料。然而，它缺乏一些特性，如细胞黏附性和生物降解性，与其他生物材料（如明胶、甲基丙烯酰化明胶（GelMa）、纤维素、丝素蛋白和透明质酸）结合时可弥补这些不足。藻酸盐 - 明胶混合物受到了广泛关注，因为明胶含有精氨酸、甘氨酸和天冬氨酸组成的三肽精氨酸 - 甘氨酸 - 天冬氨酸（RGD）序列，该序列能够维持细胞附着。一些参数有助于优化生物墨水的特性，如温度、生物材料浓度和交联时间。例如，藻酸盐的粘度会随着其浓度的增加而增大，并且虽然它具有剪切变稀特性，但仍能正确打印。本综述对基于藻酸盐的生物墨水进行了解读，重点关注其与其他天然生物材料（尤其是明胶）的复合材料。此外，还讨论了影响生物墨水功能和细胞活力的参数。
