Department of Agricultural Economics, Agribusiness and Extension, 98763Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Bureau of Integrated Rural Development, 98763Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Inquiry. 2022 Jan-Dec;59:469580221086919. doi: 10.1177/00469580221086919.
Anaemia during pregnancy is a major public health concern. Despite its wide scope and adverse effects including increased maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, and long-term adverse effects on the newborn, appropriate interventions using upstream approaches to public health have largely not been implemented. This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of anaemia among pregnant women in four health facilities in the Kwabre East Municipality. A cross-sectional survey with a two-stage sampling technique was conducted on 220 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at the selected health facilities. Interview-based structured questionnaires were used. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify predictors. The prevalence of anaemia was 11.4%. Few women (25) were anaemic and morphologically, 14 (56%) had normocytic normochromic anaemia and 9 (36%) had microcytic hypochromic anaemia. Iron deficiency was reported in 19 (8.6%) pregnant women. Independent predictors of anaemia were iron sulphate intake (AOR [95% CI] = 3.16 [1.15, 7.37], ANC follow-up during pregnancy (AOR [95% CI] = 3.07 [1.59, 7.99], household size of ≥5 (AOR [95% CI] = 3.58 [1.75, 9.52], folic acid intake (AOR [95% CI] = 5.29 [2.65, 12.39] and the period in pregnancy AOR [95% CI] = ≥36 weeks 3.2 (1.3-4.5). Though anaemia prevalence has been low in urban areas as previously reported, collaborated healthcare measures that aim at eradicating the menace are encouraged. Maternal healthcare interventions including the administration of folic acid, regular iron sulphate intake and intensive education on early ANC are recommended.
怀孕期间贫血是一个主要的公共卫生关注点。尽管贫血的范围广泛且具有不良影响，包括增加产妇和围产期发病率和死亡率，以及对新生儿的长期不良影响，但尚未广泛实施使用公共卫生上游方法的适当干预措施。本研究调查了夸贝东市四个卫生机构孕妇贫血的患病率和相关因素。采用两阶段抽样技术对在选定卫生机构接受产前护理的 220 名孕妇进行了横断面调查。使用基于访谈的结构化问卷。使用二变量和多变量逻辑回归来确定预测因素。贫血的患病率为 11.4%。少数妇女（25 人）贫血，形态学上，14 人（56%）为正细胞正色素性贫血，9 人（36%）为小细胞低色素性贫血。19 名孕妇（8.6%）报告缺铁。贫血的独立预测因素是硫酸亚铁摄入（AOR [95%CI] = 3.16 [1.15, 7.37]）、怀孕期间 ANC 随访（AOR [95%CI] = 3.07 [1.59, 7.99]）、家庭规模≥5 人（AOR [95%CI] = 3.58 [1.75, 9.52]）、叶酸摄入（AOR [95%CI] = 5.29 [2.65, 12.39]）和怀孕期（AOR [95%CI] = ≥36 周 3.2 [1.3-4.5]）。尽管如前所述，城市地区的贫血患病率较低，但鼓励采取协作性医疗措施来消除这一威胁。建议采取孕产妇保健干预措施，包括给予叶酸、定期摄入硫酸亚铁以及加强早期 ANC 的教育。
