Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
J Exp Med. 2022 Jun 6;219(6). doi: 10.1084/jem.20211487. Epub 2022 May 5.
Sexual dimorphism in the composition and function of the human immune system has important clinical implications, as males and females differ in their susceptibility to infectious diseases, cancers, and especially systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Both sex hormones and the X chromosome, which bears a number of immune-related genes, play critical roles in establishing the molecular basis for the observed sex differences in immune function and dysfunction. Here, we review our current understanding of sex differences in immune composition and function in health and disease, with a specific focus on the contribution of the X chromosome to the striking female bias of three autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
人类免疫系统在组成和功能上的性别二态性具有重要的临床意义，因为男性和女性在易感性方面存在差异，例如传染病、癌症，尤其是系统性自身免疫性风湿病。性激素和携带许多免疫相关基因的 X 染色体在建立免疫功能和功能障碍观察到的性别差异的分子基础方面发挥着关键作用。在这里，我们综述了目前对健康和疾病中免疫组成和功能性别差异的理解，特别关注 X 染色体对三种自身免疫性风湿病中明显的女性偏向的贡献。
