Bressman Noah R
Salisbury University, Department of Biology, 1101 Camden Avenue, Salisbury, Maryland, USA, 21801.
Integr Comp Biol. 2022 May 2. doi: 10.1093/icb/icac023.
Amphibious fishes have many adaptations that make them successful in a wide variety of conditions, including air-breathing, terrestrial locomotor capabilities, and extreme tolerance of poor water quality. However, the traits that make them highly adaptable may allow these fishes to successfully establish themselves outside of their native regions. In particular, the terrestrial capabilities of invasive amphibious fishes allow them to disperse overland, unlike fully aquatic invasive fishes, making their management more complicated. Despite numerous amphibious fish introductions around the world, ecological risk assessments and management plans often fail to adequately account for their terrestrial behaviors. In this review, I discuss the diversity of invasive amphibious fishes and what we currently know about why they emerge onto land, how they move around terrestrial environments, and how they orient while on land. In doing so, I use case studies of the performance and motivations of nonnative amphibious fishes in terrestrial environments to propose management solutions that factor in their complete natural history. Because of their terrestrial capabilities, we may need to manage amphibious fishes more like amphibians than fully aquatic fishes, but to do so, we need to learn more about how these species perform in a wide range of terrestrial environments and conditions.
两栖鱼类有许多适应性特征，使它们能够在各种条件下生存，包括呼吸空气、具备陆地运动能力以及对恶劣水质有极强的耐受性。然而，正是这些使它们具有高度适应性的特征，可能会让这些鱼类在其原生区域之外成功定殖。特别是，与完全水生的入侵鱼类不同，入侵两栖鱼类的陆地活动能力使它们能够在陆地上扩散，这使得对它们的管理更加复杂。尽管世界各地有大量两栖鱼类被引入，但生态风险评估和管理计划往往未能充分考虑它们的陆地行为。在这篇综述中，我讨论了入侵两栖鱼类的多样性，以及我们目前对它们为何上岸、如何在陆地环境中移动以及在陆地上如何定向的了解情况。在此过程中，我利用非本地两栖鱼类在陆地环境中的表现和行为动机的案例研究，提出考虑到它们完整自然史的管理解决方案。由于它们的陆地活动能力，我们可能需要像管理两栖动物一样管理两栖鱼类，而不是像管理完全水生鱼类那样，但要做到这一点，我们需要更多地了解这些物种在各种陆地环境和条件下的表现。
