School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK.
Discipline of Public Health and Primary Care, Institute of Population Health, Trinity College Dublin, Tallaght Cross, Dublin, D24 DH74, Ireland.
BMC Public Health. 2022 May 5;22(1):898. doi: 10.1186/s12889-022-13322-6.
COVID-19 public health measures like handwashing and social distancing can help stem the spread of the virus. Adherence to guidelines varies between individuals. This study aims to identify predictors of non-adherence to social distancing and handwashing guidelines.
A cross-sectional weekly telephone survey was conducted over eight weeks (11/06/2020-05/08/2020). The sample included adults resident on the island of Ireland (75:25 split between ROI and NI). Data were collected on demographics, threat perceptions, fear of COVID-19, response efficacy and self-efficacy, response cost and social norms, COVID-19 behaviours, mood, loneliness, and self-reported health.
3011 participants were surveyed. Handwashing non-adherers were more likely to be male (OR: 5.2, 95% CI: 2.4 - 11.3), to have higher levels of loneliness (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.1 - 3.1), and higher perceptions of handwashing costs (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 2.2 - 5.2). Those reporting rarely engaging in social distancing were more likely to be members of lower socioeconomic groups, to be younger (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.96 - 0.98), male (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.5), healthcare workers (OR: 1.98, 95% CI: 1.1 - 3.4), to report lower mood (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.3 - 2.2), were less likely to live in households with people aged under-18 (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.6 - 0.9), and to have lower fear of COVID-19 (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.6 - 0.9).
Non-adherers to handwashing differ to social distancing non-adherers. Public health messages should target specific demographic groups and different messages are necessary to improve adherence to each behaviour.
洗手和保持社交距离等 COVID-19 公共卫生措施有助于阻止病毒传播。个人对指南的遵守情况各不相同。本研究旨在确定不遵守社交距离和洗手指南的预测因素。
在八周（2020 年 11 月 6 日至 2020 年 5 月 8 日）期间进行了一项横断面每周电话调查。样本包括居住在爱尔兰岛的成年人（ROI 和 NI 之间的比例为 75:25）。收集了人口统计学、威胁感知、对 COVID-19 的恐惧、反应效能和自我效能、反应成本和社会规范、COVID-19 行为、情绪、孤独和自我报告的健康数据。
对 3011 名参与者进行了调查。不遵守洗手规定的人更有可能是男性（OR：5.2，95%CI：2.4-11.3），孤独感更高（OR：1.86，95%CI：1.1-3.1），洗手成本感知更高（OR：3.4，95%CI：2.2-5.2）。那些报告很少进行社交距离的人更有可能属于较低的社会经济群体，年龄更小（OR：0.97，95%CI：0.96-0.98），男性（OR：1.67，95%CI：1.1-2.5），医护人员（OR：1.98，95%CI：1.1-3.4），情绪较低（OR：1.72，95%CI：1.3-2.2），更不可能与 18 岁以下的人同住（OR：0.75，95%CI：0.6-0.9），对 COVID-19 的恐惧程度较低（OR：0.79，95%CI：0.6-0.9）。
不遵守洗手规定的人与不遵守社交距离规定的人不同。公共卫生信息应针对特定的人群，并且需要不同的信息来提高对每种行为的遵守程度。
