Richardson Charlotte Lucy, Chapman Stephen, White Simon
School of Pharmacy,, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK.
BMJ Simul Technol Enhanc Learn. 2018 Jun 15;5(3):167-169. doi: 10.1136/bmjstel-2018-000352. eCollection 2019.
Pharmacist-patient counselling can benefit patients and optimise care, but appropriate training is required. A virtual patient (VP) tool to teach pharmacists non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant counselling was developed; the VP may be used for continuing professional development. The objective was to develop and show proof of concept of the VP. A cyclic development approach was adopted whereby the client, developers and a steering group informed VP design, content and aesthetic. This included formal and informal evaluation; ethical approval was not required. The VP received varied feedback. Positive feedback concerned the technology and the high-standard of animations. Negative elements concerned international VP use and differences in practice, also technological comments, regarding VP delivery and usability on various electronic devices. The VP was reported to be 'valuable' and realistic with high-quality animations. The steering group commented on VP's clinical appropriateness, cultural relevance and usability. Areas highlighted for improvement were rectified during development, including the incorporation of printable feedback. European considerations concerned differences in culture and practice. The development process successfully developed the VP and the proof of the concept was demonstrated. This will inform future VP development; a large-scale VP evaluation is underway.
药师对患者的咨询可以使患者受益并优化护理，但需要适当的培训。开发了一种虚拟患者（VP）工具来教授药师非维生素K口服抗凝药的咨询方法；该VP可用于持续专业发展。目的是开发并展示VP的概念验证。采用了循环开发方法，由客户、开发人员和一个指导小组来告知VP的设计、内容和美观性。这包括正式和非正式评估；无需伦理批准。VP收到了各种各样的反馈。积极反馈涉及技术和动画的高标准。负面因素涉及VP在国际上的使用以及实践中的差异，还有关于VP在各种电子设备上的交付和可用性的技术评论。据报道，VP“很有价值”且逼真，动画质量很高。指导小组对VP的临床适用性、文化相关性和可用性发表了评论。在开发过程中对突出的改进领域进行了纠正，包括纳入可打印的反馈。欧洲方面的考虑涉及文化和实践的差异。开发过程成功地开发了VP并展示了概念验证。这将为未来的VP开发提供参考；正在进行大规模的VP评估。
