Gallagher Patrick, Smith Ryan, Sheppard Gillian
Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada.
BMJ Simul Technol Enhanc Learn. 2020 Sep 4;7(5):410-413. doi: 10.1136/bmjstel-2020-000663. eCollection 2021.
There is a significant learning curve when teaching ultrasonography to medical trainees; task trainers can help learners to bridge this gap and develop their skills. Three-dimensional printing technology has the potential to be a great tool in the development of such simulators.
This scoping review aimed to identify what 3D-printed models have been used in ultrasound education to date, how they were created and the pros and limitations involved.
Researchers searched three online databases to identify 3D-printed ultrasound models used in medical education.
Twelve suitable publications were identified for inclusion in this review. The models from included articles simulated largely low frequency and/or high stakes events, with many models simulating needle guidance procedures. Most models were created by using patient imaging data and a computer-aided design software to print structures directly or print casting molds. The benefits of 3D-printed educational trainers are their low cost, reproducibility, patient specificity and accuracy. The current limitations of this technology are upfront investments and a lack of optimisation of materials.
The use of 3D-printed ultrasound task trainers is in its infancy, and more research is needed to determine whether or not this technology will benefit medical learners in the future.
向医学实习生教授超声检查技术时存在显著的学习曲线；任务训练器有助于学习者弥补这一差距并提升技能。三维打印技术有潜力成为开发此类模拟器的得力工具。
本综述旨在确定迄今为止在超声教育中使用了哪些三维打印模型、它们是如何创建的以及其中涉及的优点和局限性。
研究人员检索了三个在线数据库，以确定医学教育中使用的三维打印超声模型。
确定了12篇适合纳入本综述的出版物。纳入文章中的模型主要模拟低频和/或高风险事件，许多模型模拟了穿刺引导程序。大多数模型是通过使用患者成像数据和计算机辅助设计软件直接打印结构或打印铸模来创建的。三维打印教育训练器的优点是成本低、可重复性强、具有患者特异性和准确性。该技术目前的局限性在于前期投资和材料缺乏优化。
三维打印超声任务训练器的使用尚处于起步阶段，需要更多研究来确定该技术未来是否会使医学学习者受益。
