Alipour Ataabadi Yasamin, Cormier Danielle L, Kowalski Kent C, Oates Alison R, Ferguson Leah J, Lanovaz Joel L
College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Front Sports Act Living. 2022 Apr 19;4:868576. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.868576. eCollection 2022.
Athletes regularly face the possibility of failing to meet expectations in training and competition, and it is essential that they are equipped with strategies to facilitate coping after receiving performance feedback. Self-compassion is a potential resource to help athletes manage the various setbacks that arise in sport over and above other psychological resources. The primary purpose of this research was to explore how athletes respond to objective biomechanical feedback given after a performance. Specifically, we investigated if levels of self-compassion, self-esteem, self-criticism, and concern over mistakes were related to one another before and after a series of sprint tests interspersed with biomechanical feedback, and whether self-compassionate athletes achieved a better sprint performance after receiving and implementing biomechanical feedback. Forty-eight athletes (20 female: = 19.8 years, = 3.1; 28 male: = 23.6 years, = 7.8) completed online measures of self-compassion, self-esteem, self-criticism and concern over mistakes before performing four sets of 40-m sprints. Participants received personalized biomechanical feedback after each sprint that compared their performance to gold standard results. Following all sprints, they then completed measures of self-criticism, and reported emotions, thoughts, and reactions. Self-compassion was positively correlated with self-esteem ( = 0.57, < 0.01) and negatively related to both self-criticism ( = -0.52, < 0.01) and concern over mistakes ( = -0.69, < 0.01). We also found that athletes with higher levels of self-compassion prior to sprint performance experienced less self-critical thoughts following biomechanical feedback and subsequent sprint trials ( = -0.38, < 0.01). Although the results of this study provide some support for the effectiveness of self-compassion in promoting healthy emotions, thoughts, and reactions in response to sprint performance-based biomechanical feedback, a moderated regression analysis between the first and fourth sprint time variables revealed that self-compassion was not a moderator for change in sprint performance ( = 0.64, Δ = 0.10, > 0.05). These findings suggest that there are likely longer-term benefits of athletes using self-compassion to cope with biomechanical feedback, but that any benefits might be limited in a short series of sprint trials.
运动员经常面临在训练和比赛中无法达到预期的可能性，因此他们必须具备在收到成绩反馈后促进应对的策略。自我同情是一种潜在的资源，可以帮助运动员应对体育运动中出现的各种挫折，其作用超过其他心理资源。本研究的主要目的是探讨运动员如何对表现后给出的客观生物力学反馈做出反应。具体而言，我们调查了在穿插生物力学反馈的一系列短跑测试前后，自我同情、自尊、自我批评和对错误的关注程度是否相互关联，以及具有自我同情的运动员在接受并实施生物力学反馈后是否能取得更好的短跑成绩。48名运动员（20名女性：平均年龄 = 19.8岁，标准差 = 3.1；28名男性：平均年龄 = 23.6岁，标准差 = 7.8）在进行四组40米短跑之前，完成了关于自我同情、自尊、自我批评和对错误关注的在线测量。每组短跑后，参与者都会收到个性化的生物力学反馈，将他们的表现与金牌标准结果进行比较。在所有短跑结束后，他们完成了自我批评的测量，并报告了情绪、想法和反应。自我同情与自尊呈正相关（r = 0.57，p < 0.01），与自我批评（r = -0.52，p < 0.01）和对错误的关注（r = -0.69，p < 0.01）均呈负相关。我们还发现，在短跑表现之前自我同情水平较高的运动员，在接受生物力学反馈和随后的短跑测试后，自我批评的想法较少（r = -0.38，p < 0.01）。尽管本研究结果为自我同情在促进对基于短跑表现的生物力学反馈产生健康的情绪、想法和反应方面的有效性提供了一些支持，但对第一次和第四次短跑时间变量进行的调节回归分析表明，自我同情不是短跑成绩变化的调节因素（R² = 0.64，ΔR² = 0.10，p > 0.05）。这些发现表明，运动员使用自我同情来应对生物力学反馈可能有长期益处，但在一系列短时间的短跑测试中，任何益处可能都很有限。
