Abu Al-Rub Fahmi A, Fares Mohammad M, Mohammad Ahmad R
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology P. O. Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science & Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology P. O. Box 3030 Irbid 22110 Jordan
RSC Adv. 2020 Oct 8;10(61):37050-37063. doi: 10.1039/d0ra05530a. eCollection 2020 Oct 7.
Entire elimination of pharmaceutical drugs from waste- and domestic-waters has attracted great attention due to their potent adverse effects on human health, particularly the human immune system. Many risks have been related to the presence of different types of drugs at different concentrations in wastewater. These risks include antimicrobial resistance (AMR), endocrine action, hormonal activation of cancers, and photodegradation of drugs. In this study, new nanohybrid materials consisting of graphene oxide (GO) and oxidized carbon nanotubes (OCNTs) were developed to remove a well-known drug, namely, ranitidine that treats stomach ulcers and gastrointestinal (GI) reflux disease from aqueous solutions. The characterization of synthesized nanohybrid GO-OCNTs was performed using spectroscopic (FTIR, and XRD), thermogravimetric (TGA) and microscopic (SEM) techniques. Batch adsorption experiments were used to investigate the technical feasibility of using synthesized GO-OCNTs for the removal of ranitidine from aqueous solutions. The effects of different operating conditions such as contact time, nanohybrid mass, solution temperature, solution pH, % crosslinking agent, and GO-to-OCNT ratio on the entire elimination of ranitidine were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the removal of ranitidine was very efficient, where 98.3% removal of the drug from aqueous solutions was achieved with a drug uptake of 97.8 mg g. Moreover, the results indicated the optimum conditions for the removal of ranitidine, which are as follows: contact time = 140 minutes, nanohybrid GO-OCNT mass = 10 mg, solution temperature = 290 K, solution pH = 6.4, % crosslinking agent = 0.5%, and GO to O-CNT ratio = 1 : 4. The equilibrium data were fitted to different adsorption isotherms and Langmuir was found to best describe our data. Dynamic studies demonstrated that ranitidine adsorption followed pseudo-second order, and the thermodynamic parameters confirmed exothermic drug adsorption as well as the physisorption process.
由于药物对人体健康，尤其是人体免疫系统有潜在的不良影响，从废水和生活用水中完全去除药物引起了人们的极大关注。废水中不同类型药物在不同浓度下的存在引发了许多风险。这些风险包括抗微生物药物耐药性（AMR）、内分泌作用、癌症的激素激活以及药物的光降解。在本研究中，开发了由氧化石墨烯（GO）和氧化碳纳米管（OCNTs）组成的新型纳米杂化材料，用于从水溶液中去除一种知名药物——雷尼替丁，该药物用于治疗胃溃疡和胃肠道（GI）反流疾病。使用光谱（FTIR和XRD）、热重（TGA）和显微镜（SEM）技术对合成的纳米杂化GO-OCNTs进行了表征。采用批量吸附实验研究了使用合成的GO-OCNTs从水溶液中去除雷尼替丁的技术可行性。研究了接触时间、纳米杂化物质量、溶液温度、溶液pH值、交联剂百分比以及GO与OCNT比例等不同操作条件对雷尼替丁完全去除的影响。实验结果表明，雷尼替丁的去除效率非常高，从水溶液中去除该药物的效率达到98.3%，药物吸附量为97.8 mg/g。此外，结果表明了去除雷尼替丁的最佳条件，如下：接触时间 = 140分钟，纳米杂化GO-OCNT质量 = 10 mg，溶液温度 = 290 K，溶液pH值 = 6.4，交联剂百分比 = 0.5%，GO与O-CNT比例 = 1∶4。平衡数据拟合到不同的吸附等温线，发现朗缪尔等温线最能描述我们的数据。动力学研究表明，雷尼替丁的吸附遵循准二级动力学，热力学参数证实了药物吸附为放热过程以及物理吸附过程。
