Team Danmark, Hovedstaden, DENMARK.
The August Krogh Section for Human Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DENMARK.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022 Oct 1;54(10):1714-1728. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002955. Epub 2022 May 7.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of intensity and duration of continuous and interval exercise training on capillarization in skeletal muscle of healthy adults.
PubMed and Web of Science were searched from inception to June 2021. Eligibility criteria for studies were endurance exercise training >2 wk in healthy adults, and the capillary to fiber ratio (C:F) and/or capillary density (CD) reported. Meta-analyses were performed, and subsequent subgroup analyses were conducted by the characteristics of participants and training scheme.
Fifty-seven trials from 38 studies were included (10%/90%, athletic/sedentary). C:F was measured in 391 subjects from 47 trials, whereas CD was measured in 428 subjects from 50 trials. Exercise training increased C:F (mean difference, 0.33 (95% confidence interval, 0.30-0.37)) with low heterogeneity ( I2 = 45.08%) and CD (mean difference, 49.8 (36.9-62.6) capillaries per millimeter squared) with moderate heterogeneity ( I2 = 68.82%). Compared with low-intensity training (<50% of maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O 2max )), 21% higher relative change in C:F was observed after continuous moderate-intensity training (50%-80% of V̇O 2max ) and 54% higher change after interval training with high intensity (80%-100% of V̇O 2max ) in sedentary subjects. The magnitude of capillary growth was not dependent on training intervention duration. In already trained subjects, no additional increase in capillarization was observed with various types of training.
In sedentary subjects, continuous moderate-intensity training and interval training with high intensity lead to increases in capillarization, whereas low-intensity training has less effect. Within the time frame studied, no effect on capillarization was established regarding training duration in sedentary subjects. The meta-analysis highlights the need for further studies in athlete groups to discern if increased capillarization can be obtained, and if so, which combination is optimal (time vs intensity).
本研究旨在探讨连续和间歇运动训练的强度和持续时间对健康成年人骨骼肌毛细血管化的影响。
检索了 PubMed 和 Web of Science 从成立到 2021 年 6 月的文献。纳入标准为：持续 2 周以上的健康成年人耐力运动训练，以及报告毛细血管与纤维比（C：F）和/或毛细血管密度（CD）的研究。进行了荟萃分析，并根据参与者和训练方案的特点进行了亚组分析。
共纳入 38 项研究的 57 项试验（10%/90%，运动员/久坐者）。47 项试验中有 391 名受试者测量了 C：F，50 项试验中有 428 名受试者测量了 CD。运动训练增加了 C：F（平均差异，0.33（95%置信区间，0.30-0.37）），异质性低（ I2 = 45.08%），CD（平均差异，49.8（36.9-62.6）个毛细血管/毫米平方），异质性中等（ I2 = 68.82%）。与低强度训练（<50%最大摄氧量（V̇O 2max ））相比，久坐者连续中等强度训练（50%-80%V̇O 2max ）后 C：F 的相对变化增加 21%，间歇训练强度高（80%-100%V̇O 2max ）后变化增加 54%。毛细血管生长的幅度与训练干预持续时间无关。在已经训练过的受试者中，各种类型的训练都没有观察到毛细血管化的进一步增加。
在久坐者中，连续中等强度训练和高强度间歇训练可增加毛细血管化，而低强度训练效果较差。在所研究的时间范围内，久坐者的训练持续时间对毛细血管化没有影响。荟萃分析强调需要在运动员群体中进一步研究，以确定是否可以获得更多的毛细血管化，如果可以，哪种组合是最佳的（时间与强度）。
