Isaq Mona, Somu Prathap, Acharya Diptikanta, Gomez Levin Anbu, Thathapudi Jesse Joel, Ramachandra Yerappa Lakshmikanth, Rudraiah Sunitha Bommanahalli, Ravi Pooja, Rai Padmalatha S, Rosalin Rosina, Poojari Chandrappa Chinna, Lee Yong Rok
Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Kuvempu University, Jnana Sahyadri, Shankaraghatta, Shivamogga Dist., Karnataka, India, 577451.
Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (Deemed to Be University), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, India, 602105.
Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2022 Oct;194(10):4546-4569. doi: 10.1007/s12010-022-03933-5. Epub 2022 May 6.
Vateria indica is persistent tree used in Unani sources for the medication and classified as critically endangered. Thus, endophytes for alternative methods to explore these endangered Plants having rich source pharmaceuticals' active molecules for drug development and production. Endophytes comprises unexplored microbes as a potential source of rich pharmaceutically bioactive compounds attributable to their relationship with the host. In the current study, we have isolated endophyte fungi Cladosporium from the plant Vateria indica and performed phytochemical screening of its ethanolic extract to detect the phytochemicals using thin layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV-visible spectrophotometry (UV-VIS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of an anticancer compound hydroxymethyl colchicine, antioxidant compound benzoic acid, and antimicrobial 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-nitro in endophyte fungal extract of plant Vateria indica. Moreover, in silico analysis of bioactive compounds identified by GC-MS analysis using the Autodock Vina and SwissADME confirmed excellent anticancer activity methanone, [4-amino-2-[(phenylmethyl) amino]-5-thiazolyl] (4-fluorophenyl)- and hydroxymethyl colchicine against 6VO4 (Bfl-1 protein) as per Lipinski rule. Furthermore, we also demonstrated the excellent antioxidant of endophytic extract compared to plant extract by DPPH and ABTS assay, as well as antimicrobial activity against both Gram (+ ve) and Gram (- ve) bacteria. Moreover, the endophytic extract also showed its antimitotic activity with a mitotic index of 65.32, greater than the plant extract of 32.56 at 10 mg/ml. Thus endophytic fungi Cladosporium species isolated from plant Vateria indica might be used as a potential source for phytochemical anticancer hydroxymethyl colchicine, an antioxidant benzoic acid, and antimicrobial 2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-5-nitro.
印度油楠是一种常绿乔木，在尤纳尼医学中被用于药物治疗，被列为极度濒危物种。因此，内生菌可作为探索这些濒危植物的替代方法，这些植物拥有丰富的药物活性分子来源，可用于药物开发和生产。内生菌包含未被探索的微生物，由于它们与宿主的关系，是丰富的具有药学生物活性化合物的潜在来源。在当前的研究中，我们从印度油楠植物中分离出内生真菌枝孢菌，并对其乙醇提取物进行了植物化学筛选，使用薄层色谱法（TLC）、气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）、高效液相色谱法（HPLC）、紫外 - 可见分光光度法（UV - VIS）和傅里叶变换红外光谱法（FTIR）来检测植物化学物质。GC - MS分析显示，在印度油楠植物内生真菌提取物中存在抗癌化合物羟甲基秋水仙碱、抗氧化化合物苯甲酸和抗菌剂2 -（4 - 氯苯氧基）- 5 - 硝基。此外，使用Autodock Vina和SwissADME对GC - MS分析鉴定出的生物活性化合物进行的计算机模拟分析证实，根据Lipinski规则，甲酮，[4 - 氨基 - 2 - [（苯甲基）氨基] - 5 - 噻唑基]（4 - 氟苯基）- 和羟甲基秋水仙碱对6VO4（Bfl - 1蛋白）具有出色的抗癌活性。此外，通过DPPH和ABTS测定，我们还证明了内生提取物与植物提取物相比具有出色的抗氧化性能，以及对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性。此外，内生提取物在10mg/ml时还表现出抗有丝分裂活性，有丝分裂指数为65.32，高于植物提取物的32.56。因此，从印度油楠植物中分离出的内生真菌枝孢菌物种可能用作植物化学抗癌物质羟甲基秋水仙碱、抗氧化剂苯甲酸和抗菌剂2 -（4 - 氯苯氧基）- 5 - 硝基的潜在来源。
