College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, WCU Biomodulation Major, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Sep;29(45):67765-67775. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20538-x. Epub 2022 May 6.
Cyromazine, a symmetrical triazine insecticide, is used to control dipteran larvae in chicken manure by feeding to the poultry, flies on animals, and leafminers in vegetables. Its extensive use has resulted in the widespread contamination in the environment. In the current study, a cyromazine degrading bacterium (designated strain ZX01) was isolated and characterized from a Chinese ginger cultivated soil by selective enrichment culture method. On the basis of morphological, biochemical characteristics, and 16S rRNA gene sequence, this bacterium showed strong similarity to the Pseudomonadales members and was closely related to the Acinetobacter baumannii group. Spectrophotometric and HPLC analyses revealed that strain ZX01 degraded cyromazine and utilized it as the sole carbon source for its growth. This process hydrolyzes cyromazine to melamine. Strain ZX01 degraded most of the cyromazine in 60 h. Besides, its substrate specificity against four symmetrical triazine herbicides, one triazinone herbicide, as well as 10 insecticides and its antibiotic sensitivity towards eight commercial antibiotics were also tested. At the concentration of 100 µg/mL for 60 h, it could effectively degrade a variety of different pesticides, including atrazine, prometon, simazine, prometryn, enitrothion, diazinon, cypermethrin, and acetamiprid, and the degradation was in the range of 71-87%. In particular, melamine, the main degradation product of cyromazine, was degraded by 47.3%. This microorganism was sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline and intermediate to amoxicillin and trimethoprim. These results highlight that strain ZX01 can be used as a potential biological agent for the remediation of soil, water, or crop contaminated with cyromazine and other symmetrical triazine insecticides.
环丙氨嗪是一种对称的三嗪类杀虫剂，通过给家禽喂食、杀灭动物身上的苍蝇和蔬菜中的潜叶虫来控制鸡粪中的双翅目幼虫。它的广泛使用导致其在环境中广泛污染。在本研究中，从中国生姜种植土壤中通过选择性富集培养方法分离并鉴定了一种能够降解环丙氨嗪的细菌（命名为菌株 ZX01）。基于形态学、生化特性和 16S rRNA 基因序列，该细菌与假单胞菌目成员表现出很强的相似性，与鲍曼不动杆菌组密切相关。分光光度法和高效液相色谱法分析表明，菌株 ZX01 能够降解环丙氨嗪并将其作为生长的唯一碳源。该过程将环丙氨嗪水解为三聚氰胺。菌株 ZX01 在 60 h 内降解了大部分环丙氨嗪。此外，还测试了其对四种对称三嗪类除草剂、一种三嗪酮类除草剂、十种杀虫剂的底物特异性以及对八种商业抗生素的药敏性。在 100 µg/mL 的浓度下，经过 60 h，它可以有效地降解多种不同的农药，包括莠去津、扑灭通、西玛津、扑草净、乙硫磷、敌百虫、氯氰菊酯和噻虫嗪，降解率在 71-87%之间。特别是环丙氨嗪的主要降解产物三聚氰胺的降解率为 47.3%。该微生物对氯霉素和四环素敏感，对阿莫西林和甲氧苄啶中度敏感。这些结果表明，菌株 ZX01 可作为一种潜在的生物修复剂，用于修复受环丙氨嗪和其他对称三嗪类杀虫剂污染的土壤、水或作物。
