1Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, CDC, Atlanta, GA.
2Wildlife Services, APHIS, USDA, Concord, NH.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2022 May 5;260(10):1157-1165. doi: 10.2460/javma.22.03.0112.
To provide epidemiological information on animal and human cases of rabies in the US during 2020 and summaries of 2020 rabies surveillance for Canada and Mexico.
All animals submitted for laboratory diagnosis of rabies in the US during 2020.
State and territorial public health departments and USDA Wildlife Services provided 2020 rabies surveillance data. Data were analyzed temporally and geographically to assess trends in domestic and wildlife rabies cases.
During 2020, 54 jurisdictions submitted 87,895 animal samples for rabies testing, of which 85,483 (97.3%) had a conclusive (positive or negative) test result. Of these, 4,479 (5.2%) tested positive for rabies, representing a 4.5% decrease from the 4,690 cases reported in 2019. Texas (n = 580 [12.9%]), Pennsylvania (371 [8.3%]), Virginia (351 [7.8%]), New York (346 [7.7%]), North Carolina (301 [6.7%]), New Jersey (257 [5.7%]), Maryland (256 [5.7%]), and California (248 [5.5%]) together accounted for > 60% of all animal rabies cases reported in 2020. Of the total reported rabid animals, 4,090 (91.3%) involved wildlife, with raccoons (n = 1,403 [31.3%]), bats (1,400 [31.3%]), skunks (846 [18.9%]), and foxes (338 [7.5%]) representing the primary hosts confirmed with rabies. Rabid cats (288 [6.4%]), cattle (43 [1.0%]), and dogs (37 [0.8%]) accounted for 95% of rabies cases involving domestic animals in 2020. No human rabies cases were reported in 2020.
For the first time since 2006, the number of samples submitted for rabies testing in the US was < 90,000; this is thought to be due to factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic, as similar decreases in sample submission were also reported by Canada and Mexico.
提供美国 2020 年动物和人类狂犬病病例的流行病学信息，并总结加拿大和墨西哥 2020 年狂犬病监测情况。
美国 2020 年所有提交实验室诊断狂犬病的动物。
州和地区公共卫生部门和美国农业部野生动物服务机构提供了 2020 年狂犬病监测数据。数据进行了时间和地理分析，以评估国内和野生动物狂犬病病例的趋势。
2020 年，54 个司法管辖区提交了 87895 份动物样本进行狂犬病检测，其中 85483 份（97.3%）有明确的（阳性或阴性）检测结果。其中，4479 份（5.2%）狂犬病检测呈阳性，比 2019 年报告的 4690 例减少了 4.5%。德克萨斯州（580 例[12.9%]）、宾夕法尼亚州（371 例[8.3%]）、弗吉尼亚州（351 例[7.8%]）、纽约州（346 例[7.7%]）、北卡罗来纳州（301 例[6.7%]）、新泽西州（257 例[5.7%]）、马里兰州（256 例[5.7%]）和加利福尼亚州（248 例[5.5%]）共占 2020 年报告的所有动物狂犬病病例的 60%以上。在报告的所有狂犬病动物中，4090 例（91.3%）涉及野生动物，其中浣熊（1403 例[31.3%]）、蝙蝠（1400 例[31.3%]）、臭鼬（846 例[18.9%]）和狐狸（338 例[7.5%]）是确认患有狂犬病的主要宿主。2020 年，狂犬病猫（288 例[6.4%]）、牛（43 例[1.0%]）和狗（37 例[0.8%]）占家养动物狂犬病病例的 95%。2020 年美国没有报告人类狂犬病病例。
这是自 2006 年以来美国提交狂犬病检测的样本首次<90000 份；据认为这与 COVID-19 大流行有关，因为加拿大和墨西哥也报告了类似的样本提交量下降。
