Definition of mixing rate of indicator by indicator dilution method: evaluation of relationship between mixing rate of indicator and cardiac output determination.

It is generally agreed that complete mixing of the indicator is one of the most important factors of the indicator dilution method, however, no clear definition of the mixing state has been established. We established a formula for the mixing rate of the indicator by the indicator dilution method, using the concept of entropy in the information theory, and compared the mixing rate of indocyanine green in one mixing chamber (left ventricle) with that in the two mixing chamber system (including the aortic system). The mixing rate of the indicator (M) is shown as M(%) = 100 H/Hcm = -100 (lk sigma ni = 1 Ci + log Ci + log k) (l & k: correction factors in each dye dilution curve, C: mean concentration of the indicator in the region). Left heart and aortic catheterizations by retrograde femoral and carotid artery approach were performed in five anesthetized dogs. Simultaneous dye dilution curves were recorded at the aortic root and at the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta, following the injection of indocyanine green (2.5 mg/1 ml of indocyanine green for each injection) by impulse into the left ventricle at the endsystole, triggered on the R wave of ECG, using the automatic injector devised by the authors. Twenty-five pairs of dye dilution curves were obtained by simultaneous recording in the aortic root and the abdominal aorta under several hemodynamic conditions, and the cardiac output, mean circulation time and the mixing rate of the indicator were determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)