Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan.
Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research for Glycolipid Metabolic Diseases, Xining, China.
Sci Rep. 2022 May 6;12(1):7464. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11494-0.
In this study, we investigated immunoreactivity of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) oil using the silkworm (Bombyx mori) model. The peanut oil induced melanin formation when injected to the silkworm hemocoel. We then purified the active substance and identified the triacylglycerols (TAGs) as the responsible molecule for the melanin-forming effect of peanut oil. Also, the peanut TAGs induced the muscle contraction of the silkworm (i.e., cleavage of the insect cytokine BmPP) and the TNF-α production by cultured mouse macrophage cells. The muscle contraction activity of the peanut TAGs was reduced by saponification reaction, indicating that the TAG (not the degraded fatty acids) moiety is responsible for the activity. The muscle contraction effects of other TAGs of olive, lard, and beef oil were comparable with that of peanut TAGs. Nevertheless, for the melanin formation, the effect of peanut TAGs was outstanding. The fatty acid composition of peanut TAGs was distinct from that of olive TAGs. These results suggest that TAGs are immunoreactive and induces cytokines both in insect and mammalian immune systems. Also, the differential effects of peanut and olive TAGs for the melanin formation may suggest that TAGs with different fatty acid compositions are distinguished by the immune system.
在这项研究中，我们使用家蚕（Bombyx mori）模型研究了花生油的免疫原性。花生油注入家蚕血腔后会诱导黑色素形成。然后，我们纯化了活性物质，并鉴定出三酰基甘油（TAG）是花生油产生黑色素效应的负责分子。此外，花生 TAG 还诱导家蚕肌肉收缩（即昆虫细胞因子 BmPP 的裂解）和培养的小鼠巨噬细胞产生 TNF-α。花生油 TAG 的肌肉收缩活性通过皂化反应降低，表明负责该活性的是 TAG（而非降解脂肪酸）部分。橄榄油、猪油和牛油的其他 TAG 的肌肉收缩活性与花生油 TAG 相当。然而，对于黑色素形成，花生油 TAG 的效果非常显著。花生油 TAG 的脂肪酸组成与橄榄油 TAG 明显不同。这些结果表明，TAG 在昆虫和哺乳动物免疫系统中均具有免疫原性，并诱导细胞因子产生。此外，花生和橄榄油 TAG 对黑色素形成的不同影响可能表明，具有不同脂肪酸组成的 TAG 被免疫系统区分开来。
