College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Dry-land Farming Technology Laboratory of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Qingdao Major Crop Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Qingdao 266109, China.
College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Dry-land Farming Technology Laboratory of Shandong Province, Key Laboratory of Qingdao Major Crop Germplasm Resource Innovation and Application, Qingdao 266109, China.
Plant Sci. 2022 Jun;319:111247. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111247. Epub 2022 Mar 11.
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an allotetraploid oilseed crop worldwide due to its abundant high-quality oil production. Peanut oil stability and quality are determined by the relative proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). The principle approach to minimize the content of SFAs in peanut is to reduce the content of palmitic acid, which is linked to cardiovascular disease. Acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases (FATs) determine the types and levels of fatty acids that are exported them from the plastids. Two different classes of FAT have been classified into two families in plants, FatA and FatB. Among them, AhFatB has become the primary objective to genetically reduce the content of palmitic acid in peanut. Here, we identified 18 AhFatB genes in A. hypogaea genome and grouped into four major subfamilies through gene structures and phylogenetic relationships. Expression profiling of AhFatB genes was assessed using the publicly available RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR in 22 tissues. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we designed two sgRNAs to edit the homologs AhFatB genes Arahy.4E7QKU and Arahy.L4EP3N, and identified different types of mutations. Additionally, we discovered mutations at Arahy.4E7QKU exhibited low palmitic acid and high oleic acid phenotypes. The obtained peanut mutants with altered SFAs content have great potential for improving peanut oil quality for human health.
花生（Arachis hypogaea L.）是一种世界范围内的异源四倍体油料作物，因其能够大量生产高质量的油脂而备受关注。花生油的稳定性和质量取决于饱和脂肪酸（SFAs）和不饱和脂肪酸（UFAs）的相对比例。降低花生中 SFA 含量的主要方法是减少棕榈酸的含量，因为棕榈酸与心血管疾病有关。酰基辅酶 A 硫酯酶（FATs）决定了从质体中输出的脂肪酸的类型和水平。植物中的两种不同类别的 FAT 被分为 FatA 和 FatB 两个家族。其中，AhFatB 已成为在花生中遗传降低棕榈酸含量的主要目标。在这里，我们在 A. hypogaea 基因组中鉴定了 18 个 AhFatB 基因，并通过基因结构和系统发育关系将其分为四个主要亚家族。使用公开的 RNA-seq 数据和 22 种组织的 qRT-PCR 评估了 AhFatB 基因的表达谱。我们使用 CRISPR/Cas9 系统设计了两个 sgRNAs 来编辑同源 AhFatB 基因 Arahy.4E7QKU 和 Arahy.L4EP3N，并鉴定了不同类型的突变。此外，我们发现 Arahy.4E7QKU 中的突变表现出低棕榈酸和高油酸表型。这些具有改变的 SFA 含量的花生突变体具有改善花生油质量以促进人类健康的巨大潜力。
