Conservative Department, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Madame Mitterand Street 30, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, 46001, Iraq.
BMC Oral Health. 2022 May 6;22(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02198-y.
A thorough understanding of the original root and canal anatomy is a critical technical prerequisite for performing cleaning and shaping treatments. Therefore, this research aimed to characterize maxillary first premolar teeth' root morphology and canal architecture.
One hundred forty-two extracted human adult maxillary first premolar teeth have been retrieved. The extracted teeth were thoroughly cleaned and irrigated to eliminate any remaining debris or blood. They were then preserved in formalin solution until they were eligible for screening. To begin, a visual examination was employed to ascertain the number of roots and their geometry in each sample. Then, utilizing digital radiography in two plains, mesiodistal and distomesial, to further determine those parameters. Finally, a sectioning technique had been used to have the samples cut mesiodistally into slices to validate the internal root canal architecture and identify the number of root canals and their varieties in accordance with Vertucci's categorization system. The canal layout, the pulp chamber, and the root canals were all highlighted (marked) using a fine tip marker in a permanent orange hue to make the canal features more accessible and accurate to visualize. All of the processes were conducted by two highly qualified dentists. The sample size was estimated statistically using the Sealed Envelope program, and the percentage of each configuration was derived in proportion to the overall sample size in order to establish the percentage of each type in each configuration.
From the 142 teeth examined, 42 (29.57%) had one root, 97 (68.31%) had two roots, and only three premolars (2.12%) had three roots. Concerning canal configurations, 100 teeth (70.43%) had type (IV) canal configuration, followed by 37 teeth (26.05%) had types (V), three teeth (2.12%) had type (VIII), and one tooth (0.70%) for each of type (I) and type (II).
The anatomical pattern of inspected maxillary first premolars are mainly two rooted and predominantly have a type (IV) canal morphology.
彻底了解原始根管的解剖结构是进行清洁和成形治疗的关键技术前提。因此，本研究旨在描述上颌第一前磨牙的牙根形态和根管结构。
从 142 颗提取的成人上颌第一前磨牙中，选择 142 颗提取的人上颌第一前磨牙。提取的牙齿经过彻底清洁和冲洗，以清除任何残留的碎屑或血液。然后将其保存在福尔马林中，直到符合筛选条件。首先，通过肉眼检查确定每个样本中的牙根数量和几何形状。然后，使用数字化射线照相术在两个平面（近远中向和远中近中向）上进一步确定这些参数。最后，采用切片技术将样本沿近远中方向切成薄片，以验证内部根管结构，并根据 Vertucci 的分类系统确定根管数量及其类型。使用细尖标记笔永久性橙色标记根管布局、牙髓腔和根管，以使根管特征更容易访问和准确可视化。所有过程均由两名具有高度资格的牙医进行。使用密封信封程序对样本量进行了统计学估计，并根据总体样本量计算出每种配置的比例，以确定每种配置中每种类型的比例。
在所检查的 142 颗牙齿中，42 颗（29.57%）有一个牙根，97 颗（68.31%）有两个牙根，只有三颗前磨牙（2.12%）有三个牙根。关于根管形态，100 颗牙齿（70.43%）具有类型（IV）根管形态，其次是 37 颗牙齿（26.05%）具有类型（V），3 颗牙齿（2.12%）具有类型（VIII），1 颗牙齿（0.70%）具有类型（I）和类型（II）各一种。
所检查的上颌第一前磨牙的解剖模式主要为双根，且主要具有类型（IV）根管形态。
