Winter Samantha, Johnson Laura, Obara Lena M, Nair Divya
School of Social Work, 139058Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
School of Social Work, 6558Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2023 Jan;38(1-2):NP2017-NP2047. doi: 10.1177/08862605221097444. Epub 2022 May 6.
Violence against women is a serious public health and human rights concern and can take many forms. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the subject of the majority of research focused on violence against women around the world; yet the health consequences of non-partner violence (NPV) can be just as serious. There is a critical gap in literature focused on NPV and the co-occurrence of NPV and IPV in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in informal settlements. The unique historical, political, social, geo-spatial, physical, and built environment in informal settlements-often characterized as places with high rates of crime and violence-may be important in understanding NPV and co-occurrence of NPV and IPV in these communities, but more research is needed. The purpose of this study was to explore NPV in a large informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya including its relationship to IPV, correlates, and common perpetrators of NPV in this setting. Data from 552 household-level surveys collected from women in a large informal settlement in Nairobi in 2018 were used in this study. Descriptive statistics and penalized maximum likelihood logistic regressions were used to examine the association between IPV and NPV, correlates, and perpetrators of NPV. Findings showed a strong, positive association between past-year IPV and NPV-highlighting a critical area for future study in IPV, NPV, and poly-victimization research. Results corroborated some findings from existing NPV research, but yielded important new information about correlates and perpetrators of NPV in informal settlements. NPV and poly-victimization have serious health consequences for women in any context, but women in informal settlements also face a number of structural economic, social, political, and environmental challenges that affect their health and wellbeing and may exacerbate the health consequences of violence perpetrated against them. Thus, more research into NPV and poly-victimization in informal settlements is critical.
暴力侵害妇女行为是一个严重的公共卫生和人权问题，且形式多样。亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）是全球大多数针对暴力侵害妇女行为研究的主题；然而，非伴侣暴力（NPV）对健康造成的后果同样严重。在撒哈拉以南非洲地区，特别是在非正式住区，关注非伴侣暴力以及非伴侣暴力与亲密伴侣暴力同时发生情况的文献存在重大空白。非正式住区独特的历史、政治、社会、地理空间、自然和建筑环境——通常被认为是犯罪和暴力高发地区——可能对理解这些社区中的非伴侣暴力以及非伴侣暴力与亲密伴侣暴力同时发生的情况很重要，但仍需要更多研究。本研究的目的是在肯尼亚内罗毕的一个大型非正式住区探索非伴侣暴力，包括其与亲密伴侣暴力的关系、相关因素以及该环境下非伴侣暴力的常见施暴者。本研究使用了2018年从内罗毕一个大型非正式住区的女性中收集的552份家庭层面调查数据。描述性统计和惩罚最大似然逻辑回归用于检验亲密伴侣暴力与非伴侣暴力之间的关联、非伴侣暴力的相关因素和施暴者。研究结果显示，过去一年的亲密伴侣暴力与非伴侣暴力之间存在强烈的正相关——这突出了亲密伴侣暴力、非伴侣暴力和多重受害研究未来的一个关键研究领域。研究结果证实了现有非伴侣暴力研究的一些发现，但也产生了关于非正式住区非伴侣暴力的相关因素和施暴者的重要新信息。在任何情况下，非伴侣暴力和多重受害都会对女性的健康造成严重后果，但非正式住区的女性还面临一些结构性的经济、社会、政治和环境挑战，这些挑战会影响她们的健康和福祉，并可能加剧针对她们的暴力行为对健康造成的后果。因此，对非正式住区的非伴侣暴力和多重受害进行更多研究至关重要。
