Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, National University of Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina.
Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Logan, UT, USA.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 2022 Jul;34(4):674-678. doi: 10.1177/10406387221094272. Epub 2022 May 6.
Several plants that contain indolizidine alkaloids, including swainsonine, are toxic to livestock, causing dysfunctional lysosomes and storage disease. Swainsonine induces a neurovisceral disease, known as locoism, in sheep, goats, and cattle, which occurs in several parts of the world, including, but not limited to, the western United States, China, and parts of Australia. In South America, locoism has been described in the Andean region of Argentina affecting sheep, cattle, and llamas. Intoxication by consumption of was suspected in 4 llamas in Jujuy Province, northwestern Argentina. The grazing area contained abundant specimens of . The clinical course was ~15 d, and included moderate ataxia, incoordination of hindlimbs, and progressive loss of body condition. Microscopically, fine cytoplasmic microvacuolation was observed in the proximal convoluted renal tubules. Ultrastructurally, these changes consisted of severely dilated lysosomes. Swainsonine was detected in stem and leaf samples of at a concentration of 0.06%. Based on clinical history and signs, histologic and ultrastructural changes, and plant analysis, a diagnosis of swainsonine toxicosis caused by consumption of was made, which has not been reported previously, to our knowledge.
几种含有吲哚里西啶生物碱的植物，包括苦马豆素，对牲畜有毒，导致溶酶体功能障碍和贮积病。苦马豆素在绵羊、山羊和牛中引起神经内脏病，称为疯草病，发生在世界多个地区，包括但不限于美国西部、中国和澳大利亚部分地区。在南美洲，疯草病已在阿根廷安第斯地区的绵羊、牛和美洲驼中被描述。在阿根廷西北部的胡胡伊省，疑似因食用而中毒的 4 只美洲驼。放牧区含有大量的 。临床过程约为 15 天，包括中度共济失调、后肢不协调和身体状况逐渐恶化。显微镜下，近端曲管肾单位的细胞质中观察到细小的空泡化。超微结构上，这些变化由严重扩张的溶酶体组成。在 和 的茎和叶样本中检测到苦马豆素，浓度为 0.06%。根据临床病史和体征、组织学和超微结构变化以及植物分析，诊断为食用 引起的苦马豆素中毒，据我们所知，这在以前的报告中尚未报道过。
