Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2022 May;86:106016. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106016. Epub 2022 Apr 27.
We report on the fabrication of lysozyme microspheres (LyMs) incorporated with gold nanorods (NRs) as a distinctive approach for the encapsulation and release of an anticancer drug, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). LyMs with an average size of 4.0 ± 1.0 µm were prepared by a sonochemical method and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The LyMs were examined using hydrophobic (nile red) as well as hydrophilic (trypan blue) dyes under confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) to obtain information about the preferential distribution of fluorescent molecules. Notably, the fluorescent molecules were accumulated in the inner lining of LyMs as the core was occupied with air. The encapsulation efficiency of 5-FU for LyMs-NR was found to be ∼64%. The drug release from control LyMs as well as LyMs incorporated with NRs was investigated under the influence of ultrasound (US) at 200 kHz. The total release for control LyMs and LyMs incorporated with gold NRs was found to be ∼70 and 95% after 1 h, respectively. The density difference caused by NR incorporation on the shell played a key role in rupturing the LyMs-NR under US irradiation. Furthermore, 5-FU loaded LyMs-NR exhibited excellent anti-cancer activity against the THP-1 cell line (∼90% cell death) when irradiated with US of 200 kHz. The enhanced anti-cancer activity of LyMs-NR was caused by the transfer of released 5-FU molecules from bulk to the interior of the cell via temporary pores formed on the surface of cancer cells, i.e., sonoporation. Thus, LyMs-NR demonstrated here has a high potential for use as carriers in the field of drug delivery, bio-imaging and therapy.
我们报告了溶菌酶微球（LyMs）与金纳米棒（NRs）结合的制备方法，作为一种独特的方法来封装和释放抗癌药物 5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）。LyMs 通过超声化学方法制备，平均尺寸为 4.0±1.0 µm，并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）进行了表征。LyMs 用疏水性（尼罗红）和亲水性（台盼蓝）染料在共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）下进行了检查，以获得有关荧光分子优先分布的信息。值得注意的是，荧光分子被积累在 LyMs 的内表面，因为核心被空气占据。LyMs-NR 的 5-FU 包封效率约为 64%。在 200 kHz 的超声（US）作用下，研究了对照 LyMs 以及掺入 NRs 的 LyMs 中的药物释放情况。对照 LyMs 和掺入金 NRs 的 LyMs 的总释放量分别在 1 h 后达到约 70%和 95%。NR 掺入引起的壳密度差异在 US 照射下对 LyMs-NR 的破裂起着关键作用。此外，当用 200 kHz 的 US 照射时，负载 5-FU 的 LyMs-NR 对 THP-1 细胞系表现出优异的抗癌活性（约 90%的细胞死亡）。LyMs-NR 的增强抗癌活性是由于释放的 5-FU 分子通过在癌细胞表面形成的临时孔从体相转移到细胞内部，即声孔作用。因此，这里展示的 LyMs-NR 具有作为药物输送、生物成像和治疗领域载体的高潜力。
