Water Pollution Ecology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, People's Republic of China.
Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute, Wuhan, 430051, People's Republic of China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Sep;29(45):68035-68050. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20297-9. Epub 2022 May 8.
Urbanization has caused severe negative impacts on intra-urban river water bodies. In this paper, 22 physicochemical parameters were measured at 20 locations in the level period and 29 locations in the wet and dry period using nearby urban area surface water samples from a medium-sized polluted river (a lake-river continuum, i.e., Xunsi River, Qingling River and Tangxun Lake) in the Yangtze River watershed in Wuhan, China. In this study, the environmental quality standards for surface water of China (GB3838-2002) and the WHO drinking water standard (2011) were used as reference standards. After the basic physicochemical parameters were evaluated, the possible sources of pollution in the study area under urban pressure were examined by applying multivariate statistical techniques. The factor analysis method and entropy weighting method identified three critical factors describing the type of surface water pollution in the watershed: (1) pollution from nutrients, mainly nitrogen pollution, (2) trace metals pollution, mainly from Fe and Pb, and (3) organic pollution. Based on multivariate analysis, the weighted arithmetic water quality index (WQI) was used to assess the water quality of each period. The WQI results show that the water near the urban area of the watershed temporally shows light to moderate pollution overall in the level and wet periods, and sever pollution in the dry period. The worst water quality indicating water that is not suitable for any practical use occurs in the dry period. Spatially distributed in clusters and strips visualized in kriging method, the water quality of the lake source and upstream is better than that of the downstream. In addition, Escherichia coli was detected at consistently high levels, and although the river is not a source of drinking water, it could pose a threat to downstream waterworks.
城市化对城市内河流水体造成了严重的负面影响。本研究采用多变量统计技术，在长江流域武汉市，对一条中型污染河流（即巡司河、青菱河和汤逊湖的湖-河连续体）的近城区地表水，在平水期和丰水期、枯水期分别于 20 个和 29 个点位进行采样，共测量了 22 项理化参数。本研究以中国地表水环境质量标准（GB3838-2002）和世界卫生组织饮用水标准（2011）作为参考标准，评估了基本理化参数后，考察了城市压力下研究区的污染可能来源。因子分析方法和熵权法确定了描述流域地表水污染类型的三个关键因素：（1）主要为氮污染的营养物污染，（2）主要来自 Fe 和 Pb 的痕量金属污染，（3）有机污染。基于多变量分析，采用加权算术水质指数（WQI）评估了各时期的水质。WQI 结果表明，流域城区附近的水在平水期和丰水期总体呈现轻度至中度污染，枯水期则为重度污染。在枯水期，最差水质表明该水不适合任何实际用途。克里金方法可视化的聚类和条带空间分布表明，源头和上游的水质优于下游。此外，大肠杆菌的检测水平一直较高，虽然该河流不是饮用水源，但可能对下游水厂构成威胁。
