Introduction: The living and working conditions of healthcare professionals are crucial to the quality and efficiency of patient care, therefore examining this issue is of highlighted importance. Objective: To explore the well-being of employees directly involved in the public health care system, through the characteristics of mental health and the workplace climate. Method: The cross-sectional, quantitative research was performed by using convenience sampling (n = 1048) between December 2019 and March 2020 in two hospitals in Zala county, Hungary. In addition to questions on sociodemographic and job characteristics, the measure tool included validated questionnaires developed to measure mental health as well as questions on workplace climate. Results: On the Diener Life Satisfaction Scale, a significant number of respondents (77.4%) indicated a scale value expressing satisfaction that was significantly higher among physicians (chi(2) = 28.36; df= 10; p = 0.01). Contrary to this, 61.5% of the sample show mild, 24.8% moderate, and 5.7% severe depressive symptoms according to the Beck Depression Scale. The appearance of depression mostly threatens professionals without a degree (chi(2) = 17.01; df= 6; p<0.01). Regarding burnout, the respondents were most affected by emotional exhaustion: 46.2% have moderate burnout and 16.4% have severe burnout, which is higher among male workers (t = 2.01, p = 0.04) and physicians (F = 4.14, p = 0.01). In terms of the institutional climate, respondents perceive partnerships in their work as unequal. In addition, health workers feel the social esteem of their work unfavorable, which fundamentally determines their professional identity and well-being. Conclusion: The results point out that promoting well-being at work is particularly important in jobs where burnout and depression are increased risks for workers exposed to mental strain.