Karimi Fatemeh, Biazar Esmaeil, Heidari-Keshel Saeed, Pourjabbar Bahareh, Khataminezhad Mohammad Reza, Shirinbakhsh Shervin, Zolfaghari-Moghaddam S Yasaman
Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch Tonekabon Iran
Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
RSC Adv. 2022 May 5;12(21):13472-13479. doi: 10.1039/d2ra00985d. eCollection 2022 Apr 28.
Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a rich source of effective growth factors has been used as a scaffold in tissue regeneration. It is known that PRF exhibits rapid degradability against enzymes, which should be decreased using crosslinking agents to reduce the release rate of growth factors and increase the effectiveness of tissue regeneration. In this study, a carbodiimide crosslinker with different concentrations (0.01%, 0.05%, 1%, and 2%) was used to modify and improve the properties of PRF gel. The crosslinked gels were evaluated with analyses such as SEM, swelling, degradability, mechanical strength, release test, cytotoxicity, and cell adhesion. The results showed that with increasing crosslinker concentration, the morphology of the fiber structure changes drastically, the swelling rate decreases from 300% (control) to 160% for the crosslinked gel, the degradation time for the control sample increases from 8 days to more than two weeks for the crosslinked gel, and the Young's modulus increases from 0.15 MPa (control) to 0.61 MPa for the crosslinked samples. Growth factors also showed lower release with increasing crosslinking ratio. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that by increasing the crosslinker concentration to 1% w/v, no cytotoxicity was observed. Cellular studies with DAPI staining showed that the cells penetrated well into the gels and were well distributed, especially in gels with lower crosslinker concentrations. In addition, the modified PRF gel can be used as a scaffold for tissue regeneration.
富含血小板纤维蛋白（PRF）作为有效生长因子的丰富来源，已被用作组织再生的支架。众所周知，PRF对酶表现出快速降解性，应使用交联剂降低这种降解性，以降低生长因子的释放速率并提高组织再生的效果。在本研究中，使用不同浓度（0.01%、0.05%、1%和2%）的碳二亚胺交联剂来改性和改善PRF凝胶的性能。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、溶胀、降解性、机械强度、释放测试、细胞毒性和细胞黏附等分析对交联凝胶进行评估。结果表明，随着交联剂浓度的增加，纤维结构的形态发生剧烈变化，交联凝胶的溶胀率从300%（对照）降至160%，对照样品的降解时间从8天增加到交联凝胶的两周以上，交联样品的杨氏模量从0.15兆帕（对照）增加到0.61兆帕。随着交联率的增加，生长因子的释放也较低。细胞毒性试验表明，将交联剂浓度提高到1% w/v时，未观察到细胞毒性。用4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚（DAPI）染色进行的细胞研究表明，细胞能很好地渗透到凝胶中并分布良好，尤其是在交联剂浓度较低的凝胶中。此外，改性后的PRF凝胶可作为组织再生的支架。
