DeWeese Robin S, Acciai Francesco, Tulloch David, Lloyd Kristen, Yedidia Michael J, Ohri-Vachaspati Punam
College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004-0698, USA.
Department of Landscape Architecture, Rutgers University, 93 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8524, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2022 Jan 29;26:101718. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101718. eCollection 2022 Apr.
Evidence suggests that healthy behaviors initiated during childhood may continue over time. The objective of this study was to determine whether active commuting to/from school (ACS) at baseline predicted continued ACS at follow-up two to five years later. Two cohorts of households with 3-15 year-olds in four low-income New Jersey cities were randomly sampled and followed for two to five year periods between 2009 and 2017. Children who walked, bicycled, or skateboarded to/from school at least one day/week were classified as active commuters. Children with complete data at both time points were included in this analysis (n = 383). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between ACS at T1 and T2. Models adjusted for child age, sex, and race/ethnicity; parent's education and nativity status (native-born vs foreign-born); household poverty level; car availability; neighborhood level characteristics; and distance from home to school. Children who engaged in ACS at T1 had over seven times the odds of ACS at T2 compared to children who did not actively commute at T1 (p < 0.001), after adjusting for distance to school and other relevant covariates. Distance, regardless of active commuting status at T1 was inversely associated with active commuting at T2. Policies and interventions encouraging ACS, and those that decrease the distance between a child's home and school, may result in increased, habitual active commuting and physical activity behavior throughout childhood and possibly into adulthood.
有证据表明，童年时期养成的健康行为可能会持续很长时间。本研究的目的是确定在基线时积极上下学通勤（ACS）是否能预测两到五年后的随访中仍持续进行ACS。在新泽西州四个低收入城市中，随机抽取了两组有3至15岁儿童的家庭，并在2009年至2017年期间进行了两到五年的跟踪调查。每周至少有一天步行、骑自行车或滑板上下学的儿童被归类为积极通勤者。本分析纳入了在两个时间点都有完整数据的儿童（n = 383）。采用多变量逻辑回归来检验T1和T2时ACS之间的关联。模型对儿童年龄、性别、种族/民族；父母的教育程度和出生地状况（本地出生与外国出生）；家庭贫困水平；汽车可用性；邻里层面特征；以及家到学校的距离进行了调整。在调整了到学校的距离和其他相关协变量后，与在T1时不积极通勤的儿童相比，在T1时进行ACS的儿童在T2时进行ACS的几率高出七倍多（p < 0.001）。无论T1时的积极通勤状态如何，距离与T2时的积极通勤呈负相关。鼓励ACS的政策和干预措施，以及那些缩短孩子家与学校之间距离的措施，可能会导致整个童年时期甚至可能到成年期习惯性积极通勤和身体活动行为的增加。
