Kontou Eleftheria, McDonald Noreen C, Brookshire Kristen, Pullen-Seufert Nancy C, LaJeunesse Seth
Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, New East Building, CB3140, Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA.
The University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, 730 M.L.K. Jr Blvd, Chapel Hill NC 27514, USA.
Prev Med Rep. 2019 Dec 10;17:101024. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.101024. eCollection 2020 Mar.
Active transportation to school (ATS), denoting walking and biking, is crucial to promote physical activity for youth. This study uses data from the 2017 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) to report on the most recent and nationally representative school transportation patterns. Binary logit modeling determines significant factors associated with school travel mode choices. Spatial differences on school mode choices across the US are explored. In 2017 9.6% of the students of 5-17 years old usually walked and 1.1% biked to school. For students who usually walk to school, 77.5% of their school trips were less than one mile and, among usual bikers to school, 82.8% of trips were less than two miles. Student rates of walking to school decreased as the distance to school increased and biking rates peaked when distance to school was between 0.5 and 1 miles. When distance to school was <0.5 miles, walking was the most common mode for urban and rural regions. When the trip was shorter than or equal to one mile, factors such child's school grade, household vehicles per driver, and household income were associated with the decision to walk or bike to school. Other demographic characteristics like race and gender were not significantly related to ATS. While comparison across NHTS years should be viewed with caution due to changes in survey methodology, the decline of ATS rates indicate that more effective and higher reaching efforts for local, regional, and national interventions should be prioritized.
积极的上学交通方式（ATS），即步行和骑自行车，对于促进青少年的身体活动至关重要。本研究使用2017年全国家庭交通调查（NHTS）的数据来报告最新的、具有全国代表性的学校交通模式。二元逻辑回归模型确定与学校出行方式选择相关的显著因素。探讨了美国各地学校出行方式选择的空间差异。2017年，5至17岁的学生中有9.6%通常步行上学，1.1%骑自行车上学。对于通常步行上学的学生，他们77.5%的上学路程不到一英里；在通常骑自行车上学的学生中，82.8%的路程不到两英里。随着上学距离的增加，学生步行上学的比例下降，而当上学距离在0.5至1英里之间时，骑自行车的比例达到峰值。当上学距离小于0.5英里时，步行是城市和农村地区最常见的出行方式。当路程小于或等于一英里时，诸如孩子的年级、每个司机的家庭车辆数量以及家庭收入等因素与步行或骑自行车上学的决定有关。其他人口特征，如种族和性别，与积极的上学交通方式没有显著关系。尽管由于调查方法的变化，对不同年份的全国家庭交通调查进行比较时应谨慎，但积极的上学交通方式比例的下降表明，应优先采取更有效、覆盖范围更广的地方、区域和国家干预措施。
