Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.
Front Immunol. 2022 Apr 22;13:845767. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.845767. eCollection 2022.
Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the main cause of adult nephrotic syndrome (NS). The pathogenesis of MN is complex and involves subepithelial immune complex deposition. Approximately one-third of patients with MN develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Timely diagnosis and reasonable intervention are the keys to improving prognosis. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput technologies, such as mass spectrometry (MS), microarray, and sequencing technologies, the discovery of biomarkers for MN has become an important area of research. In this review, we summarize the significant progress in biomarker identification. For example, a variety of podocyte target antigens and their autoantibodies have been reported. Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) is the most well-established target antigen in MN. PLA2R and its autoantibodies have clinical significance, with both diagnostic and therapeutic value for MN. In addition, a variety of new biomarkers, including proteins, metabolites, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), and immune cells, have recently been found. These MN-related biomarkers have great significance in the diagnosis, progression, prognosis, and treatment response of MN.
膜性肾病（MN）是成人肾病综合征（NS）的主要病因。MN 的发病机制复杂，涉及上皮下免疫复合物沉积。约三分之一的 MN 患者发展为终末期肾病（ESRD）。及时诊断和合理干预是改善预后的关键。近年来，随着高通量技术（如质谱（MS）、微阵列和测序技术）的发展，MN 生物标志物的发现已成为研究的重要领域。在这篇综述中，我们总结了生物标志物鉴定的重要进展。例如，已经报道了多种足细胞靶抗原及其自身抗体。磷脂酶 A2 受体（PLA2R）是 MN 中最成熟的靶抗原。PLA2R 及其自身抗体具有临床意义，对 MN 具有诊断和治疗价值。此外，最近还发现了多种新的生物标志物，包括蛋白质、代谢物、非编码 RNA（ncRNA）和免疫细胞。这些与 MN 相关的生物标志物在 MN 的诊断、进展、预后和治疗反应中具有重要意义。
