Mani Vasudevan, Arfeen Minhajul, Sajid Sultan, Almogbel Yasser
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2022 Apr;29(4):2738-2748. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.060. Epub 2022 Jan 3.
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder prevalent across the globe and is known to cause brain dysfunction, especially memory and cognitive decline. The current study investigates the effect of aqueous Ajwa seeds extract (AASE) on type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced memory deficits using a rat model. T2DM was induced by an administration of nicotinamide (120 mg/kg, i.p.) and streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg, i.p.). AASE (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) were treated to T2DM rats for 30 days and the results were compared with the metformin (200 mg/kg). Elevated plus maze (EPM), Y-maze, and novel object recognition (NOR) tests were performed to assess the memory functions. The blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were estimated to assess the anti-diabetic effects of AASE. Acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels were estimated from brain homogenates to assess cholinergic transmission. Treatment with AASE resulted in the reversal of behavioral deficits. EPM showed, a significant reduction in transfer latency (TL) among T2DM rats. High exploration time with a novel object and improvement in discrimination index were observed among treated groups during the NOR test. The Y-Maze test improved the entries and also time spent in the novel arm. Moreover, treatment of AASE reversed hyperglycemic and enhanced plasma insulin levels (200 mg/kg: 3.81 ± 0.08 ng/ml and 400 mg/kg: 4.09 ± 0.10 ng/ml) among T2DM rats (2.81 ± 0.15 ng/ml). Improved ACh levels (200 mg/kg: 186.6 ± 9.51 pg/mg protein and 400 mg/kg: 165.5 ± 9.25 pg/mg protein) and reduced AChE levels (200 mg/kg: 0.29 ± 0.02 ng/mg protein and 400 mg/kg: 0.32 ± 0.03 ng/mg protein) were also noted in the brain of AASE treated groups as referred to diabetic group (ACh: 107.1 ± 7.16 pg/mg protein and AChE: 0.51 ± 0.03 ng/mg protein). The above results were found to be comparable with the metformin-treated groups. From the results, it can be concluded that AASE has the potential to improve T2DM associated cognitive deficits.
糖尿病是一种在全球范围内普遍存在的代谢紊乱疾病，已知会导致脑功能障碍，尤其是记忆力和认知能力下降。本研究使用大鼠模型，研究阿久哇种子水提取物（AASE）对2型糖尿病（T2DM）诱导的记忆缺陷的影响。通过腹腔注射烟酰胺（120mg/kg）和链脲佐菌素（STZ）（60mg/kg）诱导T2DM。将AASE（200和400mg/kg，口服）给予T2DM大鼠30天，并将结果与二甲双胍（200mg/kg）进行比较。进行高架十字迷宫（EPM）、Y迷宫和新物体识别（NOR）测试以评估记忆功能。估计血糖和血浆胰岛素水平以评估AASE的抗糖尿病作用。从脑匀浆中估计乙酰胆碱（ACh）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）水平以评估胆碱能传递。用AASE治疗导致行为缺陷的逆转。EPM显示，T2DM大鼠的转移潜伏期（TL）显著缩短。在NOR测试期间，治疗组中观察到对新物体的探索时间增加以及辨别指数提高。Y迷宫测试改善了进入次数以及在新臂中花费的时间。此外，AASE治疗逆转了T2DM大鼠的高血糖并提高了血浆胰岛素水平（200mg/kg：3.81±0.08ng/ml和400mg/kg：4.09±0.10ng/ml）（T2DM大鼠为2.81±0.15ng/ml）。与糖尿病组（ACh：107.1±7.16pg/mg蛋白和AChE：0.51±0.03ng/mg蛋白）相比，AASE治疗组的大脑中ACh水平也有所改善（200mg/kg：186.6±9.51pg/mg蛋白和400mg/kg：165.5±9.25pg/mg蛋白），AChE水平降低（200mg/kg：0.29±0.02ng/mg蛋白和400mg/kg：0.32±0.03ng/mg蛋白）。上述结果与二甲双胍治疗组相当。从结果可以得出结论，AASE有潜力改善T2DM相关的认知缺陷。
