Schiemann D A
J Dairy Sci. 1987 Feb;70(2):383-91. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(87)80021-8.
Yersinia enterocolitica was first recognized during the 1960's as an important human enteropathogen. The species as later redefined includes both pathogenic and nonpathogenic forms. Pathogenic strains that retain the virulence plasmid can be identified in several animal models and four indirect tests (calcium dependency, autoagglutination, Congo red uptake, serological detection of outer membrane antigen) and by tissue culture assay, serotype, and biotype. Y. enterocolitica and related bacteria have frequently been isolated from raw milk, but none of the isolates, with the possible exception of serotype 05,27, are recognizable as pathogens. Under normal circumstances Y. enterocolitica does not survive pasteurization. If introduced into pasteurized milk, it can grow well at refrigeration temperatures. Two outbreaks of yersiniosis have occurred that involved pasteurized milk. Pigs, which frequently carry pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in their throat, were the probable source in one of these outbreaks. The most rapid enrichment procedure available for isolation of Y. enterocolitica requires 6 d. No isolation method is available for selective isolation of pathogenic Y. enterocolitica in the presence of related bacteria common in milk and other foods.
小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌在20世纪60年代首次被确认为一种重要的人类肠道病原体。后来重新定义的该菌种包括致病型和非致病型。保留毒力质粒的致病菌株可在几种动物模型和四项间接试验（钙依赖性、自凝、刚果红摄取、外膜抗原的血清学检测）中得以鉴定，也可通过组织培养测定、血清型和生物型进行鉴定。小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌及相关细菌经常从生牛奶中分离出来，但除血清型05,27外，其他分离菌株均不能被认定为病原体。在正常情况下，小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌不能在巴氏杀菌过程中存活。如果将其引入巴氏杀菌牛奶中，它能在冷藏温度下良好生长。已经发生了两起因饮用巴氏杀菌牛奶而导致的耶尔森菌病疫情。猪的咽喉部经常携带致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌，其中一起疫情的可能源头就是猪。可用于分离小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的最快富集程序需要6天时间。目前没有在牛奶和其他食品中常见的相关细菌存在的情况下选择性分离致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的分离方法。
