Department Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Charleston, SC, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2022 Oct 26;24(11):1829-1833. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntac121.
Fluctuations in ovarian hormones have been associated with changes in cigarette smoking behavior, which can be measured through both serum or less invasive salivary procedures. The primary aim of this exploratory study is to characterize the progesterone profiles of salivary progesterone measurements and to compare that with the profiles estimated from a previously measured serum sample.
Nontreatment-seeking, cigarette smoking women (n = 82; ages 18-45 years) provided daily salivary hormone samples every morning for 14 consecutive days. Time-dependent random effects functions were used to approximate daily salivary progesterone (ng/mL) levels over the course of a standardized menstrual cycle. Serum measures of progesterone from a previous study of female cigarette smokers were examined for consistency with established profiles and compared with the salivary profile using the same methodology.
The salivary model fit exhibits relative stability during the follicular phase and a clear unimodal peak during the luteal phase. Parameter estimates from the non-linear function show correspondence to serum data. Although the profiles estimated from salivary and serum data agree in functional form, we observed larger between-subject heterogeneity both in the follicular level and the peak luteal level in salivary measures.
The pattern of salivary and serum progesterone measured across the menstrual cycle is similar in form, which is noteworthy given that the saliva and serum samples were drawn from independent sample of female smokers. Inter- and intra-individual variation in salivary measures may be greater than in serum measures.
Measuring progesterone level variation across the menstrual cycle via saliva samples has several benefits relative to serum sampling methods in that they are easily obtained, noninvasive, and low-cost. Inter- and intra-individual variation in measurements may be greater than those in serum measurements. However, the functional form of the salivary progesterone profile is isomorphic to serum progesterone.
卵巢激素的波动与吸烟行为的变化有关，而吸烟行为可以通过血清或非侵入性唾液检测来衡量。本探索性研究的主要目的是描述唾液孕激素测量的孕激素曲线，并将其与之前测量的血清样本的曲线进行比较。
非治疗寻求的、吸烟的女性（n=82；年龄 18-45 岁）每天清晨连续 14 天提供每日唾液激素样本。使用时间依赖的随机效应函数来近似标准化月经周期内每日唾液孕激素（ng/mL）水平。使用相同的方法检查先前研究中女性吸烟者的血清孕激素测量结果，以确定其与既定曲线的一致性，并与唾液曲线进行比较。
唾液模型拟合在卵泡期表现出相对稳定性，在黄体期表现出明显的单峰。非线性函数的参数估计与血清数据一致。尽管从唾液和血清数据估计的曲线在功能形式上一致，但我们观察到唾液测量中卵泡期和黄体高峰期的个体间异质性更大。
在月经周期中测量的唾液和血清孕激素的模式在形式上相似，这一点值得注意，因为唾液和血清样本是从独立的女性吸烟者样本中抽取的。唾液测量的个体内和个体间变异性可能大于血清测量。
与血清采样方法相比，通过唾液样本测量孕激素水平在月经周期中的变化具有几个优势，因为它们易于获取、非侵入性且成本低。测量的个体内和个体间变异性可能大于血清测量。然而，唾液孕激素曲线的功能形式与血清孕激素相似。
